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Secondarily, it aims to characterise the settings (both indoor and outdoor) where children are exposed to air pollutants and to co-create solutions with participants to mitigate the exposure to air pollutants in children\u2019s daily life. This study aims to describe the MOVE-AIR study protocol in detail.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data from 52 primary school children aged 9\u201311 years will be assessed for indoor and outdoor air pollutants (particulate matter (PM)\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      and PM\n                      <jats:sub>10,<\/jats:sub>\n                      and carbon dioxide), geo-tracked for distinct settings (ie, home\/school, indoor\/outdoor) along the day, through an optical monitoring sensor with Global Positioning System incorporated. Health-related biological outcomes, such as interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha and oxidative parameters, including total antioxidant status and total oxidant status, will be evaluated and the Oxidative Stress Index will be calculated. Children\u2019s cardiopulmonary fitness will be assessed through the shuttle run test, and movement behaviours will be evaluated through accelerometers (wGT3X). Children\u2019s sex, age and parental socioeconomic status will be provided by parents through a questionnaire. The influence of movement behaviours in the link between pollution and health will be analysed through moderating regression models using process for SPSS R software (V.30.0.0). A subsample of class teachers, school leaders, parents and children will be invited to a co-creation process to create solutions to mitigate their daily exposure to air pollutants. The results will contribute to further understanding the moderating role of movement behaviours in the association between air pollution and health, adding a biological layer to the mechanistic links underlying these potential relationships that have not been explored in this target population. Finally, enhancing our comprehension of the living environments and contexts where children are more exposed to air pollution can help to cooperatively create solutions to mitigate their daily exposure to those harmful pollutants.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethical approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Sports from the University of Porto (CEFADE 32\u20132023), and the study complies with the European Union (EU) General Data Protection Regulation under the supervision of the Data Protection Office of the Institute of Public Health, University of Porto (ISPUP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-097388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T02:12:45Z","timestamp":1756174365000},"page":"e097388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Movement behaviours, air pollution and health in school-aged children: a cross-sectional study to guide the co-creation of healthier environments \u2013 the MOVE-AIR project"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Clarice","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure; Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Cavaleiro Rufo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit - Public Health Institute University Porto (ISPUP), Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology, Higher School of Health, IPP, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9lder","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure; Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Padr\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure; Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Liliana C","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"University of Coimbra, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Paula","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure; Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0676-5956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure; Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Zacca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure; 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