{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T15:29:11Z","timestamp":1789658951760,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":76,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore","award":["Not Applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not Applicable"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01tgyzw49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 CA144034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 CA144034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1 CA182876"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 CA182876"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Singapore National Medical Research Council","award":["CSA-SI (MOH-000434)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSA-SI (MOH-000434)"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04x3cxs03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Singapore National Medical Research Council","award":["NMRC\/CSA\/0055\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRC\/CSA\/0055\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04x3cxs03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Singapore National Medical Research Council","award":["Strategic Cohorts Funding (Project No. P2022-02)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Strategic Cohorts Funding (Project No. P2022-02)"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04x3cxs03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["bmjph"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although late-life depressive symptoms were associated with mortality risk, their relationship with cause-specific mortality remained unclear. Hence, we investigated these in older Chinese adults living in Singapore.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used data from 16\u2009782 participants aged 61\u201396 years from follow-up 3 (2014\u20132016) of the Singapore Chinese Health Study. Depressive symptoms were defined as having \u22655 symptoms on the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. Mortality data were obtained through linkage with nation-wide death registry till 31 December 2022. We used Cox proportional hazard models and competing risk regression models to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for association with mortalities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After a mean follow-up of 6.9 years, there were 2 960 deaths. Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with total and cause-specific mortality; the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) were 1.20 (1.11 to 1.30), 1.38 (1.14 to 1.67), 1.41 (1.16 to 1.70) and 1.91 (1.13 to 3.21) for mortalities from all causes, ischaemic heart disease (IHD), infectious respiratory diseases and chronic, non-malignant respiratory diseases, respectively. The associations were stronger among smokers for all-cause mortality (HR (95%\u2009CI) 1.55 (1.25 to 1.92)\u2009vs 1.15 (1.05 to 1.26) in non-smokers;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>difference<\/jats:sub>\n                      =0.012) and IHD mortality (2.27 (1.33 to 3.90)\u2009vs 1.27 (1.03 to 1.57);\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>difference<\/jats:sub>\n                      =0.049) and stronger for IHD mortality among participants aged &lt;75 years (1.89 (1.35 to 2.64)\u2009vs 1.16 (0.92 to 1.46) among those aged \u226575 years;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>difference<\/jats:sub>\n                      =0.019).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Late-life depressive symptoms were associated with increased risk of all-cause, IHD and respiratory disease mortalities. The associations were stronger among those &lt;75 years old and smokers, highlighting the importance of screening for and addressing depressive symptoms in these at-risk groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjph-2025-004404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T13:55:14Z","timestamp":1789480514000},"page":"e004404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Late-life depression and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in an Asian population: the Singapore Chinese Health Study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2107-2835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huiqi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 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