{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T20:36:14Z","timestamp":1776717374062,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"Suppl 2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]],"date-time":"2019-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576627200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1152504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1152504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Inj Prev"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Past research has shown how fires, heat and hot substances are important causes of health loss globally. Detailed estimates of the morbidity and mortality from these injuries could help drive preventative measures and improved access to care.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We used the Global Burden of Disease 2017 framework to produce three main results. First, we produced results on incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, deaths, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life years from 1990 to 2017 for 195 countries and territories. Second, we analysed these results to measure mortality-to-incidence ratios by location. Third, we reported the measures above in terms of the cause of fire, heat and hot substances and the types of bodily injuries that result.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Globally, there were 8 991 468 (7 481 218 to 10 740 897) new fire, heat and hot substance injuries in 2017 with 120 632 (101 630 to 129 383) deaths. At the global level, the age-standardised mortality caused by fire, heat and hot substances significantly declined from 1990 to 2017, but regionally there was variability in age-standardised incidence with some regions experiencing an increase (eg, Southern Latin America) and others experiencing a significant decrease (eg, High-income North America).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The incidence and mortality of injuries that result from fire, heat and hot substances affect every region of the world but are most concentrated in middle and lower income areas. More resources should be invested in measuring these injuries as well as in improving infrastructure, advancing safety measures and ensuring access to care.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2019-043299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]],"date-time":"2019-12-19T05:55:12Z","timestamp":1576734912000},"page":"i36-i45","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":145,"title":["Epidemiology of injuries from fire, heat and hot substances: global, regional and national morbidity and mortality estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4653-2507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Spencer L","family":"James","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}]},{"given":"Lydia R","family":"Lucchesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Bisignano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}]},{"given":"Chris D","family":"Castle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}]},{"given":"Zachary V","family":"Dingels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}]},{"given":"Jack T","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}]},{"given":"Erin B","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel J","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}]},{"given":"Darrah","family":"McCracken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}]},{"given":"Nicholas L S","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}]},{"given":"Dillon O","family":"Sylte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran"}]},{"given":"Muktar Beshir","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia"}]},{"given":"Fares","family":"Alahdab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence Based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, MN, USA"}]},{"given":"Vahid","family":"Alipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Management and Economics Research Center, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Health Economics Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}]},{"given":"Zewudu","family":"Andualem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety Department, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia"}]},{"given":"Carl Abelardo T","family":"Antonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Administration, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines"},{"name":"Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}]},{"given":"Jalal","family":"Arabloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}]},{"given":"Ashish D","family":"Badiye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, India"}]},{"given":"Mojtaba","family":"Bagherzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"}]},{"given":"Amrit","family":"Banstola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, Public Health Perspective Nepal, Pokhara-Lekhnath Metropolitan, Nepal"}]},{"given":"Till Winfried","family":"B\u00e4rnighausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}]},{"given":"Akbar","family":"Barzegar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Health Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Bayati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Human Resources Research Center, Department of Health Economics, School of Management & Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}]},{"given":"Soumyadeep","family":"Bhaumik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Bijani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran"}]},{"given":"Gene","family":"Bukhman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Partners In Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}]},{"given":"F\u00e9lix","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Christopher Stephen","family":"Crowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Massachusetts, USA"}]},{"given":"Koustuv","family":"Dalal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health Kalyani, Kalyani, India"},{"name":"School of Health Science, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Daryani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran"}]},{"given":"Mostafa Dianati","family":"Nasab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}]},{"given":"Hoa Thi","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Public Health Nutrition, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam"}]},{"given":"Huyen Phuc","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam"}]},{"given":"Aman Yesuf","family":"Endries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Department, Saint Paul\u2019s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}]},{"given":"Eduarda","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Filip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Department, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, California, USA"},{"name":"School of Health Sciences, A.T. Still University, Mesa, Missouri, USA"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Medicine, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Fukumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gene Expression & Regulation Program, Cancer Institute (W.I.A), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan"}]},{"given":"Ketema Bizuwork Bizuwork","family":"Gebremedhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}]},{"given":"Gebreamlak Gebremedhn","family":"Gebremeskel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department College of Health Science, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia"},{"name":"Nursing Department, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia"}]},{"given":"Syed Amir","family":"Gilani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan"},{"name":"Chairman BOG, Afro-Asian Institute Lahore, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Juanita A","family":"Haagsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Samer","family":"Hamidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates"}]},{"given":"Sorin","family":"Hostiuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical Legal Medicine Department, National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici, Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"given":"Mowafa","family":"Househ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar"},{"name":"Qatar Foundation for Education, Science, and Community Development, Doha, Qatar"}]},{"given":"Ehimario U","family":"Igumbor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Olayinka Stephen","family":"Ilesanmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria"}]},{"given":"Seyed Sina Naghibi","family":"Irvani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}]},{"given":"Achala Upendra","family":"Jayatilleke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka"},{"name":"Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka"}]},{"given":"Amaha","family":"Kahsay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia"}]},{"given":"Neeti","family":"Kapoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, India"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Kasaeian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}]},{"given":"Yousef Saleh","family":"Khader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ramtha, Jordan"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim A","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}]},{"given":"Ejaz Ahmad","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Khazaee-Pool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Health, Mazandaran University of Sciences, Sari, Iran"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Kokubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan"}]},{"given":"Alan D","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Madadin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Majdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia"}]},{"given":"Venkatesh","family":"Maled","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Education and Research Department, SDM College of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Dharwad, India"},{"name":"Health University, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Malekzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}]},{"given":"Navid","family":"Manafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Manafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic Surgery Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}]},{"given":"Srikanth","family":"Mangalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Risk Management Institute, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Trade and Competitiveness, World Bank, New York city, New York, USA"}]},{"given":"Benjamin Ballard","family":"Massenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Massachusetts, USA"}]},{"given":"Hagazi Gebre","family":"Meles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia"}]},{"given":"Ritesh G","family":"Menezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Medicine Division, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Tuomo J","family":"Meretoja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Surgery Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"}]},{"given":"Bartosz","family":"Miazgowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovation in Medical Education, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland"}]},{"given":"Ted R","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Calverton, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"}]},{"given":"Abdollah","family":"Mohammadian-Hafshejani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Mohammadpourhodki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran"}]},{"given":"Shane Douglas","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}]},{"given":"Ionut","family":"Negoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Surgery Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"given":"Trang Huyen","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam"}]},{"given":"Son Hoang","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam"}]},{"given":"Cuong Tat","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Vietnam"}]},{"given":"Molly R","family":"Nixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}]},{"given":"Andrew T","family":"Olagunju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria"}]},{"given":"Tinuke O","family":"Olagunju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}]},{"given":"Jagadish Rao","family":"Padubidri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangaluru, India"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Polinder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Navid","family":"Rabiee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Rabiee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Radfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of G raduate Health Sciences, A.T. Still University, Mesa, Arizona, USA"},{"name":"Medichem, Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Vafa","family":"Rahimi-Movaghar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}]},{"given":"Salman","family":"Rawaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Academic Public Health Department, Public Health England, London, UK"}]},{"given":"David Laith","family":"Rawaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training, Imperial College London, London, UK"},{"name":"University College London Hospitals, London, UK"}]},{"given":"Aziz","family":"Rezapour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Rickard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA"},{"name":"Surgery Department, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda"}]},{"given":"Elias Merdassa","family":"Roro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Department, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia"},{"name":"Public Health Department, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}]},{"given":"Nobhojit","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Planning and Evidence Practice Area, National Health Systems Resource Centre, New Delhi, India"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Roya","family":"Safari-Faramani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran"}]},{"given":"Payman","family":"Salamati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"School of Health and Policy Management, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}]},{"given":"Abdallah M","family":"Samy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"}]},{"given":"Maheswar","family":"Satpathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UGC Centre of Advanced Study in Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India"},{"name":"Udyam-Global Association for Sustainable Development, Bhubaneswar, India"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Sawhney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA"}]},{"given":"David C","family":"Schwebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}]},{"given":"Subramanian","family":"Senthilkumaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Manian Medical Centre, Erode, India"}]},{"given":"Sadaf G","family":"Sepanlou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Shigematsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan"}]},{"given":"Amin","family":"Soheili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran"},{"name":"Emergency Nursing Department, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran"}]},{"given":"Mark A","family":"Stokes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia"}]},{"given":"Hamid Reza","family":"Tohidinik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\/STI Surveillance Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}]},{"given":"Bach Xuan","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Economics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam"}]},{"given":"Pascual R","family":"Valdez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Argentine Society of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina"},{"name":"Velez Sarsfield Hospital, Buenos Aires, 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I","family":"Hay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}]},{"given":"Ali H","family":"Mokdad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092509525653000_26.Suppl_2.i36.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2017.12.045","article-title":"Contemporary burn survival","volume":"226","author":"Capek","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll 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