{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T00:06:59Z","timestamp":1758931619412,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","funder":[{"name":"FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P.","award":["UIDB\/04750\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04750\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Inj Prev"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite the growing evidence regarding surf-related injuries, investigation seems to overlook the differences between professional and recreational surfers\u2019 injuries and their specific risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This review aimed at identifying differences in injuries sustained by recreational and competitive surfers. It also presents research gaps and suggests recommendations for future injury research and prevention.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Study search was conducted on MEDLINE\/PubMed, SportDiscus and Web of Science databases. To be included studies needed to report original data, clearly specify if recreational and\/or competitive surfers were included, provide information regarding acute surfing injuries and\/or analyse data concerning those injuries.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>17 studies were included in the analysis. All included studies had at least Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine level of evidence 3. The percentage of recreational surfers sustaining at least one injury ranged from 31% to 35% in the 12 months prior to data collection and from 88% to 100% in lifetime while 42% to 49% and 81% to 100% of competitors were injured over the same periods. Competitive surfers appear to have a higher injury risk. Both recreational and competitive surfers appear to sustain more frequently skin, joint\/ligament and muscle\/tendon injuries affecting the lower limbs and caused by contact with their own equipment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Competitive status, less surfing experience, older age and prior surgical injuries are risk factors for sustaining injuries while surfing. The most common types, anatomical locations and mechanisms of injury seem to be similar between recreational and competitive surfers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2021-044511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T13:28:10Z","timestamp":1648733290000},"page":"280-287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Injury patterns in competitive and recreational surfing: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5144-0717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Eduardo Miguelote de Pinho","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9245-3733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Moreira-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital-Escola da Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit, Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o, Inova\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento (FP-I3ID), Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8395-1837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Catarina","family":"Queiroga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit, Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"IDRA - The International Drowning Researchers\u2019 Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA"},{"name":"ILS Drowning Prevention Commission, International Lifesaving Federation, Leuveen, Belgium"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092603420563000_28.3.280.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514567062"},{"key":"2025092603420563000_28.3.280.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200535010-00005"},{"key":"2025092603420563000_28.3.280.3","unstructured":"International Olympic Committee . 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