{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T21:13:26Z","timestamp":1776978806482,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Horizon 2020 grant n\u00b0 633666"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Horizon 2020 grant n\u00b0 633666"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/01516\/2017\/CP1406\/CT0001 (SF)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/01516\/2017\/CP1406\/CT0001 (SF)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/01793\/2017\/CP1406\/CT0002 (AH)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/01793\/2017\/CP1406\/CT0002 (AH)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006862;UID\/DTP\/04750\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006862;UID\/DTP\/04750\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016838;PTDC\/DTP-EPI\/1687\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016838;PTDC\/DTP-EPI\/1687\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029567;PTDC\/SAU-PUB\/29567\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029567;PTDC\/SAU-PUB\/29567\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/103726\/2014 (VR)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/103726\/2014 (VR)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Norte 2020","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to investigate the association of life-course socioeconomic status (SES) with lung function during adulthood, by exploring the influence of life-course social mobility and of cumulative exposure to low SES.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were 1458 individuals from EPIPorto study, a population-based cohort of Portuguese adults. The life-course SES was computed using participants\u2019 paternal occupation and own occupation, resulting in four patterns: stable high, upward, downward, stable low. A cumulative life-course SES index was also calculated using the participants\u2019 paternal occupation, own education and occupation. Lung function during adulthood was assessed with forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) and forced vital capacity (FVC) percentages predicted (higher percentages are associated with better lung function). Linear regression models were used to estimate beta coefficients and 95% CI for the association of socioeconomic indicators and lung function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Disadvantaged SES from childhood to adulthood was associated with lower lung function (FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>:\u22126.64%,\u221210.68;\u22122.60\/FVC:\u22123.77%,\u22127.45;\u22120.08), and the greater the socioeconomic disadvantage, the lower the lung function (FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>:\u22122.56%,\u22123.98;\u22121.15\/FVC:\u22121.54%,\u22122.83;\u22120.24) among men, independently of marital status and behavioural factors. Among women, SES effects were only observed in those experiencing a stable low life-course SES at older ages (\u22125.15%,\u221210.20;\u22120.09). Men experiencing a downward social mobility presented the lowest lung function, but there was attenuation to the null after accounting for marital status and behavioural factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A life-course disadvantaged SES is an important predictor of lower lung function during adulthood. Downward social mobility was associated with the lowest lung function among men, although this association was mostly explained by behavioural factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2019-212871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]],"date-time":"2019-12-10T22:15:57Z","timestamp":1576016157000},"page":"290-297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Life-course socioeconomic status and lung function in adulthood: a study in the EPIPorto cohort"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7928-6387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00e2nia","family":"Rocha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4387-8943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Stringhini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9484-1887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Henriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Falc\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4699-6571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrique","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4387-8943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00edlvia","family":"Fraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(17)30434-4","article-title":"Lung function in early adulthood and health in later life: a transgenerational cohort analysis","volume":"5","author":"Agust\u00ed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The Lancet respiratory M . Health inequality: a major driver of respiratory disease. Lancet Respir Med 2017;5.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(17)30092-9"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2011-200621"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyh003"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(13)70118-8","article-title":"Early lung development: lifelong effect on respiratory health and disease","volume":"1","author":"Stocks","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60446-3"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mel\u00e9n E , Guerra S . Recent advances in understanding lung function development. F1000Res 2017;6.doi:10.12688\/f1000research.11185.1","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.11185.1"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00084114"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2012-201704"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2752-3","article-title":"Socioeconomic status is associated with reduced lung function in China: an analysis from a large cross-sectional study in Shanghai","volume":"16","author":"Gaffney","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3589-5","article-title":"The social patterning of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in five countries: evidence from the modeling the epidemiologic transition study (Mets)","volume":"16","author":"Stringhini","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.2003.008482"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-1405"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00186509"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxh008"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022638","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and pulmonary function, transition from childhood to adulthood: cross-sectional results from the Polish part of the HAPIEE study","volume":"9","author":"Polak","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-596","article-title":"Socioeconomic trajectory from birth to adolescence and lung function: prospective birth cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Menezes","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/31.2.285"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyh224"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw096"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/10286630902952413","article-title":"Pierre Bourdieu, Distinction: a social critique of the judgement of taste","volume":"16","author":"Murdock","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Cultural Policy"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crosnoe R , Elder GH . Life Course: Sociological Aspects. In: Wright JD , ed. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. 2nd edn. Oxford: Elsevier, 2015: 80\u20134. ISBN: 9780080970875.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-097086-8.34037-5"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.06.038","article-title":"Intergenerational social mobility and subjective wellbeing in later life","volume":"188","author":"Iveson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2017-210171"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.46.1.71"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(03)00344-7"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx106","article-title":"Socio-Economic trajectories and cardiovascular disease mortality in older people: the English longitudinal study of ageing","volume":"47","author":"Stringhini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2003.09.013"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2004.023531"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00034805"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00080312"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00161011"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.3109\/03014460903341836","article-title":"Testing an adaptation of the EPIC physical activity questionnaire in Portuguese adults: a validation study that assesses the seasonal bias of self-report","volume":"37","author":"Cam\u00f5es","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2007.08.003"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00164109"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robbins DR , Enright PL , Sherrill DL . Lung function development in young adults: is there a plateau phase? Eur Respir J 1995;8.","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08050768"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200901-0047OC"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2003.09.040"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.63.5.655"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.26.167","article-title":"Effects of smoking on chest expansion, lung function, and respiratory muscle strength of youths","volume":"26","author":"Tantisuwat","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05334.x"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.10.006","article-title":"Intergenerational relations and social mobility: social inequality in physical function in old age","volume":"80","author":"J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029118","article-title":"Social inequalities in height: persisting differences today depend upon height of the parents","volume":"7","author":"Galobardes","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2010.113068"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201310-1863PP"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00099306"},{"key":"2024053103224646000_74.3.290.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411532"}],"container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jech-2019-212871","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T20:42:24Z","timestamp":1717188144000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jech.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jech-2019-212871"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jech-2019-212871"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech-2019-212871","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-005X","1470-2738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-005X","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-2738","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]]}}}