{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T14:03:18Z","timestamp":1773064998761,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Studies of effectiveness of school-based prevention of substance misuse have generally overlooked gender differences. The purpose of this work was to analyse gender differences in the effectiveness of a new European school-based curriculum for prevention of substance misuse among adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The European Drug Abuse Prevention (EU-Dap) trial took place in seven European countries during the school year 2004\u201305. Schools were randomly assigned to either a control group or a 12-session standardised curriculum (\u201cUnplugged\u201d) based on a comprehensive social influence model. The analytical sample consisted of 6359 students (3324 boys and 3035 girls). The use of cigarettes, alcohol and illicit drugs, adolescents\u2019 knowledge and opinions about substances, as well as social and personal skills were investigated through a self-completed anonymous questionnaire administered at enrolment and 3 months after the end of the programme. Adjusted Prevalence Odds Ratios were calculated as the measure of association between the intervention and behavioural outcomes using multilevel regression modelling.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>At enrolment, boys were more likely than girls to have used cannabis and illicit drugs, whereas girls had a higher prevalence of cigarette smoking. At the follow-up survey, a significant association between the programme and a lower prevalence of all behavioural outcomes was found among boys, but not among girls. Age and self-esteem emerged as possible modifiers of these gender differences, but effects were not statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Comprehensive social influence school curricula against substance misuse in adolescence may perform differently among girls and boys, owing to developmental and personality factors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2008.081513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,24]],"date-time":"2009-04-24T20:24:12Z","timestamp":1240604652000},"page":"722-728","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Is universal prevention against youths\u2019 substance misuse really universal? Gender-specific effects in the EU-Dap school-based prevention trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"F","family":"Vigna-Taglianti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S","family":"Vadrucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F","family":"Faggiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G","family":"Burkhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R","family":"Siliquini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M R","family":"Galanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"the EU-Dap Study","family":"Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100308213653000_63.9.722.1","unstructured":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. A gender perspective on drug use and responding to drug problems. 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Venice: IREFREA (European Institute of Studies on Prevention), http:\/\/www.irefrea.org\/archivos\/sa\/women.pdf."},{"key":"2025100308213653000_63.9.722.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272431601021003003"},{"key":"2025100308213653000_63.9.722.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-7435(90)90030-N"},{"key":"2025100308213653000_63.9.722.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198106294895"},{"key":"2025100308213653000_63.9.722.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/C467-16T1-HV11-3V80"},{"key":"2025100308213653000_63.9.722.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.1993.1037"},{"key":"2025100308213653000_63.9.722.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.1.81","article-title":"Fifteen-year follow-up of smoking prevention effects in the North Karelia Youth Project.","volume":"88","author":"Vartiainen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2025100308213653000_63.9.722.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-7435(03)00108-7"},{"key":"2025100308213653000_63.9.722.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.157.2.178","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of the middle and junior high school DARE and DARE Plus Programs.","volume":"157","author":"Perry","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"2025100308213653000_63.9.722.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.1994.tb03288.x","article-title":"Longitudinal evaluation of an enhanced alcohol misuse prevention study (AMPS) curriculum for grades six-eight.","volume":"64","author":"Shope","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Sch Health"},{"key":"2025100308213653000_63.9.722.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2008.06.018"},{"key":"2025100308213653000_63.9.722.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2006.09.010"},{"key":"2025100308213653000_63.9.722.14","unstructured":"van der Kreeft P Wiborg G Galanti MR .; for the EU-DAP Study Group. \u201cUnplugged\u201d: a new European school programme against substance abuse. 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