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During this time, three distinct classes of immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapies specific for two targets, and two distinct classes of bispecific T cell engagers, a vaccine, and an oncolytic virus have joined cytokines as a standard of cancer care. At the same time, scientific progress has delivered vast amounts of new knowledge. For example, advances in technologies such as single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics have provided deep insights into the immunobiology of the tumor microenvironment. With this rapid clinical and scientific progress, the field of cancer immunotherapy is currently at a critical inflection point, with potential for exponential growth over the next decade. Recognizing this, the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer convened a diverse group of experts in cancer immunotherapy representing academia, the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, patient advocacy, and the regulatory community to identify current opportunities and challenges with the goal of prioritizing areas with the highest potential for clinical impact. The consensus group identified seven high-priority areas of current opportunity for the field: mechanisms of antitumor activity and toxicity; mechanisms of drug resistance; biomarkers and biospecimens; unique aspects of novel therapeutics; host and environmental interactions; premalignant immunity, immune interception, and immunoprevention; and clinical trial design, endpoints, and conduct. Additionally, potential roadblocks to progress were discussed, and several topics were identified as cross-cutting tools for optimization, each with potential to impact multiple scientific priority areas. These cross-cutting tools include preclinical models, data curation and sharing, biopsies and biospecimens, diversification of funding sources, definitions and standards, and patient engagement. Finally, three key guiding principles were identified that will both optimize and maximize progress in the field. These include engaging the patient community; cultivating diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility; and leveraging the power of artificial intelligence to accelerate progress. Here, we present the outcomes of these discussions as a strategic vision to galvanize the field for the next decade of exponential progress in cancer immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-009063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T04:20:21Z","timestamp":1718857221000},"page":"e009063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":128,"title":["Challenges and opportunities in cancer immunotherapy: a Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) strategic vision"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7694-0731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leisha A","family":"Emens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankyra Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"}]},{"given":"Pedro J","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novigenix, Epalinges, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0877-2932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Carrizosa","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}]},{"given":"Tullia C","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2276-6731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian M","family":"Capitini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Collyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patient Advocates in Research (PAIR), Danville, California, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6569-2912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James L","family":"Gulley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8293-1313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Hwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8711-629X","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr","given":"Avery D","family":"Posey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3877-3984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann W","family":"Silk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A","family":"Wargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100303330193000_12.6.e009063.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00829","article-title":"Cancer immunotherapy: historical perspective of a clinical revolution and emerging preclinical animal models","volume":"8","author":"Decker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025100303330193000_12.6.e009063.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coley WB . 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