{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T15:27:31Z","timestamp":1774538851109,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Genet"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n The rarity of mutations in PALB2<\/jats:italic>, CHEK2<\/jats:italic> and ATM<\/jats:italic> make it difficult to estimate precisely associated cancer risks. Population-based family studies have provided evidence that at least some of these mutations are associated with breast cancer risk as high as those associated with rare BRCA2<\/jats:italic> mutations. We aimed to estimate the relative risks associated with specific rare variants in PALB2<\/jats:italic>, CHEK2<\/jats:italic> and ATM<\/jats:italic> via a multicentre case-control study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We genotyped 10 rare mutations using the custom iCOGS array: PALB2<\/jats:italic> c.1592delT, c.2816T>G and c.3113G>A, CHEK2<\/jats:italic> c.349A>G, c.538C>T, c.715G>A, c.1036C>T, c.1312G>T, and c.1343T>G and ATM<\/jats:italic> c.7271T>G. We assessed associations with breast cancer risk (42\u2005671 cases and 42\u2005164 controls), as well as prostate (22\u2005301 cases and 22\u2005320 controls) and ovarian (14\u2005542 cases and 23\u2005491 controls) cancer risk, for each variant.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n For European women, strong evidence of association with breast cancer risk was observed for PALB2<\/jats:italic> c.1592delT OR 3.44 (95% CI 1.39 to 8.52, p=7.1\u00d710\u22125<\/jats:sup>), PALB2<\/jats:italic> c.3113G>A OR 4.21 (95% CI 1.84 to 9.60, p=6.9\u00d710\u22128<\/jats:sup>) and ATM<\/jats:italic> c.7271T>G OR 11.0 (95% CI 1.42 to 85.7, p=0.0012). We also found evidence of association with breast cancer risk for three variants in CHEK2<\/jats:italic>, c.349A>G OR 2.26 (95% CI 1.29 to 3.95), c.1036C>T OR 5.06 (95% CI 1.09 to 23.5) and c.538C>T OR 1.33 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.67) (p\u22640.017). Evidence for prostate cancer risk was observed for CHEK2<\/jats:italic> c.1343T>G OR 3.03 (95% CI 1.53 to 6.03, p=0.0006) for African men and CHEK2<\/jats:italic> c.1312G>T OR 2.21 (95% CI 1.06 to 4.63, p=0.030) for European men. No evidence of association with ovarian cancer was found for any of these variants.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n This report adds to accumulating evidence that at least some variants in these genes are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer that is clinically important.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jmedgenet-2016-103839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,5]],"date-time":"2016-09-05T20:18:10Z","timestamp":1473106690000},"page":"800-811","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":185,"title":["PALB2<\/i>, CHEK2<\/i> and ATM<\/i> rare variants and cancer risk: data from COGS"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Melissa C","family":"Southey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"}]},{"given":"David E","family":"Goldgar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Winqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Nordlab Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}]},{"given":"Katri","family":"Pylk\u00e4s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Nordlab Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}]},{"given":"Fergus","family":"Couch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Tischkowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, and the Department of Clinical Genetics, East Anglian Regional Genetics Service, Addenbrooke's Hospital"}]},{"given":"William D","family":"Foulkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Cancer Genetics, Department of Human Genetics and Oncology, Lady Davis Institute, and Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada,"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Dennis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK"}]},{"given":"Kyriaki","family":"Michailidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth J","family":"van Rensburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Tuomas","family":"Heikkinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"}]},{"given":"Heli","family":"Nevanlinna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"}]},{"given":"John L","family":"Hopper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia,"}]},{"given":"Thilo","family":"D\u00f6rk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany"}]},{"given":"Kathleen BM","family":"Claes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium,"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Reis-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA"}]},{"given":"Zhi Ling","family":"Teo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Radice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Catucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Peterlongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Tsimiklis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"}]},{"given":"Fabrice A","family":"Odefrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"}]},{"given":"James G","family":"Dowty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia,"}]},{"given":"Marjanka K","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Annegien","family":"Broeks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Frans B","family":"Hogervorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Senno","family":"Verhoef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Carpenter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Breast Cancer Tissue Bank, University of Sydney at the Westmead Institute for Medical Research, NSW, Australia"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at the Westmead Institute for Medical Research, NSW, Australia"}]},{"given":"Rodney J","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Medicine, Pathology North, Newcastle and University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia"}]},{"given":"Peter A","family":"Fasching","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA"}]},{"given":"Lothar","family":"Haeberle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"Unit of Biostatistics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Arif B","family":"Ekici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Matthias W","family":"Beckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Peto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"dos-Santos-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK"}]},{"given":"Nichola","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK"}]},{"given":"Manjeet K","family":"Bolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK"}]},{"given":"Elinor J","family":"Sawyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Studies, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's & St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust in partnership with King's College London, London, UK"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Tomlinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, UK and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Headington, OX3 7LE"}]},{"given":"Michael J","family":"Kerin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Science, NUIGalway, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Science, NUIGalway, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland"}]},{"given":"Federik","family":"Marme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Burwinkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Rongxi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Gu\u00e9nel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France"},{"name":"University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France"}]},{"given":"Th\u00e9r\u00e8se","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France"},{"name":"University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Menegaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France"},{"name":"University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France"},{"name":"University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France"}]},{"given":"Stig","family":"Bojesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Sune F","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Flyger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Benitez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain"}]},{"given":"M Pilar","family":"Zamora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Oncolog\u00eda M\u00e9dica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jose Ignacio Arias","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Cirug\u00eda General y Especialidades, Hospital Monte Naranco, Oviedo, Spain"}]},{"given":"Primitiva","family":"Men\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Anatom\u00eda Patol\u00f3gica, Hospital Monte Naranco, Oviedo, Spain"}]},{"given":"Hoda","family":"Anton-Culver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Neuhausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA"}]},{"given":"Argyrios","family":"Ziogas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA"}]},{"given":"Christina A","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA"}]},{"given":"Hermann","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Arndt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Christa","family":"Stegmaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saarland Cancer Registry, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"}]},{"given":"Hiltrud","family":"Brauch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart"},{"name":"University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Br\u00fcning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University, Bochum (IPA), Germany"}]},{"given":"Yon-Dschun","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany"}]},{"given":"Taru A","family":"Muranen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"}]},{"given":"Kristiina","family":"Aittom\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"}]},{"given":"Carl","family":"Blomqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"}]},{"given":"Natalia V","family":"Bogdanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany"}]},{"given":"Natalia N","family":"Antonenkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Lindblom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Margolin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology \u2013 Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Arto","family":"Mannermaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"},{"name":"Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland"}]},{"given":"Vesa","family":"Kataja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"},{"name":"Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland"}]},{"given":"Veli-Matti","family":"Kosma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"},{"name":"Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland"}]},{"given":"Jaana M","family":"Hartikainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"},{"name":"Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland"}]},{"given":"Amanda B","family":"Spurdle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia"}]},{"given":"kConFab","family":"Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}]},{"name":"Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Els","family":"Wauters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Dominiek","family":"Smeets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Benoit","family":"Beuselinck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Floris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Chang-Claude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Rudolph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Seibold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Dieter","family":"Flesch-Janys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Epidemiology\/Clinical Cancer Registry and Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Janet E","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}]},{"given":"Celine","family":"Vachon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}]},{"given":"Vernon S","family":"Pankratz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}]},{"given":"Catriona","family":"McLean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia"}]},{"given":"Christopher A","family":"Haiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}]},{"given":"Brian E","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}]},{"given":"Fredrick","family":"Schumacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}]},{"given":"Loic","family":"Le Marchand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA"}]},{"given":"Vessela","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine (Faculty Division Ahus), University of Oslo (UiO), Norway"}]},{"given":"Grethe Grenaker","family":"Aln\u00e6s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA"}]},{"given":"David J","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Lindstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}]},{"given":"Susan E","family":"Hankinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kraft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Andrulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}]},{"given":"Julia A","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}]},{"given":"Gord","family":"Glendon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}]},{"given":"Anna Marie","family":"Mulligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}]},{"given":"Arja","family":"Jukkola-Vuorinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}]},{"given":"Mervi","family":"Grip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}]},{"given":"Saila","family":"Kauppila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Devilee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Robert A E M","family":"Tollenaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Seynaeve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Cancer Clinic, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC-Daniel den Hoed Cancer Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The 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