{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:29:12Z","timestamp":1772119752817,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2019-321938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]],"date-time":"2020-02-13T19:05:22Z","timestamp":1581620722000},"page":"227-234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Occasional essay: Upper motor neuron syndrome in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8717-8914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Swash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0267-3180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin R","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Grosskreutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P Nigel","family":"Leigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7556-0158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mamede","family":"deCarvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Matthew C","family":"Kiernan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(94)90191-0"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-302315"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17482960802521126"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.09.143"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.212"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.6","first-page":"488","article-title":"Recruitment and some other features of reflex inhibition","volume":"97B","author":"Liddell","year":"1925","journal-title":"Proc Roy Soc"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.7","unstructured":"Sherrington CS . Integrative action of the nervous system. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1906: 1\u2013411."},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.8","first-page":"728","article-title":"The correlation of reflexes and the principle of the common path","volume":"74","author":"Sherrington","year":"1904","journal-title":"Brit Ass Rep"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.9","unstructured":"Walshe FMR . Chapters I-V: critical studies in neurology. Edinburgh: E & S Livingstone, 1948: 3\u2013237."},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merton PA . Speculations on the servo\u2010control of movement. In: Wolstenholme GEW , ed. The spinal cord, Ciba Foundation symposium. Churchill, London, 1953: 247\u201360.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470718827.ch18"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/238140a0"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.44.10.861"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gowers W . A manual of diseases of the nervous system. London: J&A Churchill, 1886.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)03154-9"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1898.0002"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.40.6.884"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.16","unstructured":"Brodal A . Neurological anatomy in relation to clinical medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981: 180\u2013293."},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holstege G . Somatic motoneurons and descending motor pathways: limbic and no-limbic components. In: Leigh PN , Swash M , eds. Motor neuron disease; biology and management. London: Springer-Verlag, 1995: 259\u2013330.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-1871-8_13"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900760203"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.31.060407.125547"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.20","first-page":"297","article-title":"Two lectures on hemiplegia","volume":"1","author":"Jackson","year":"1865","journal-title":"Lond Hosp Reports"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.21","first-page":"207","volume-title":"Sur La reflexe cutan\u00e9e plantaire dans certaines affections organiques de la syst\u00e9me nerveux centrale","volume":"48","author":"Babinski","year":"1896"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.18.4.250"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1967.00470280107013"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2005.05.004"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.25","first-page":"235","article-title":"The motor functions of the Agranular frontal cortex","volume":"27 (1 vol)","author":"Denny-Brown","year":"1948","journal-title":"Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/58.2.311"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.1917.sp000240"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/60.4.389"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/63.1.36"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/80.3.376"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1964.21.5.0385"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.7.7.496"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/91.1.1"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/91.1.15"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws037"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1980.44.4.751"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.08.028"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.80.5.2475"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(99)00151-3"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11206"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.1240"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pierrot-Deseilligny E , Burke D . The circuitry of the human spinal cord: spinal and corticospinal mechanisms of movement. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012: 606.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139026727"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1610787114"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/83.3.394"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(80)90025-8"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/109.5.939","article-title":"Focal loss of anterior horn cells in the cervical cord in motor neuron disease","volume":"109(Pt 5)","author":"Swash","year":"1986","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181b6bbbd"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305617"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-303992"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2011-301456"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.51","unstructured":"Wilson SAK . Chapter 54: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In: Neurology. London: Edward Arnold, 1940: 1007\u201332."},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(200001)23:1<138::AID-MUS22>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"The \u2018split hand syndrome\u2019","volume":"23","author":"Wilbourn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20949"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2019.1606245"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.67.2.214"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827624a7"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leiguarda R . Chapter 17: Apraxias as traditionally defined. In: Freund H-J , Jeannerod M , Hallett M , eds. Higher-Order motor disorders: from neuroanatomy and neurobiology to clinical neurology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005: 303\u201338.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198525769.003.0017"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000221497"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh622"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.60","unstructured":"Marie P . Lectures on diseases of the spinal cord. New Sydenham Society, London, lecture XXXVIII. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 1885:467\u201374."},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.61","unstructured":"Charcot JM , Marie P . Deux Nouveau cas de la scl\u00e9rose amyotrophique lat\u00e9rale suivis d\u2019autopsie. Arch Neurol 1885:101\u201335."},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.62","first-page":"779","article-title":"La Scl\u00e9rose Amyotrophique Lat\u00e9rale (anatomie pathologique)","volume":"32","author":"Bertrand","year":"1925","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1941.02280240094006"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.33.3.338"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2013.221-c1","article-title":"ALS \u2013 dying forward, backward or outward?","volume":"10","author":"Baker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.66","first-page":"171","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a clinico-anatomic study of 53 cases","volume":"69","author":"Lawyer","year":"1953","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.4.269"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin J , Swash M . Alternative Approaches to the Pathology of Motor Disease. In: Leigh PN , Swash M , eds. Motor neuron disease: biology and management. Verlag, London: Springer, 1985: 119\u201361.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-1871-8_6"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chou S . Pathology of Motor System Disorder. In: Leigh PN , Swash M , eds. Motor neuron disease: biology and management. Verlag, London: Springer, 1995: 53\u201392.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-1871-8_4"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00454899"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh132"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(99)00175-2"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)92457-7","article-title":"The problems of neurons with long axons","volume":"323","author":"Cavanagh","year":"1984","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000058901.75728.4E"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-016-8281-2"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/146608299750138777"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2012.01308.x"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.05.025"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3680"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(79)90129-8"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410160306"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1159\/000051214","article-title":"Neurons and their dendrites in frontotemporal dementia","volume":"10(Suppl 1)","author":"Ferrer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41765","article-title":"Apical dendrite degeneration, a novel cellular pathology for Betz cells in ALS","volume":"7","author":"Gen\u00e7","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2012.03.036"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37968","article-title":"Cortical synaptic and dendritic spine abnormalities in a presymptomatic TDP-43 model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"6","author":"Fogarty","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhw185"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-318830"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1603471"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.3746"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1996.67052013.x"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000203120.85850.54"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001642"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-318704"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004761","article-title":"Multicenter evaluation of neurofilaments in early symptom onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"90","author":"Feneberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004029"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/115.2.495","article-title":"Primary lateral sclerosis. clinical features, neuropathology and diagnostic criteria","volume":"115(Pt 2)","author":"Pringle","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000167602.38643.29"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-6-17","article-title":"Widespread sensorimotor and frontal cortical atrophy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"6","author":"Grosskreutz","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2013.07.020"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-302674"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410230424"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2017.04.008"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.5.1051"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.10.1933"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318281ccec"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14660820510038538"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181fb84d1"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.108","first-page":"683","volume-title":"Zur Kenntnis Der amyotrophischen Lateralsklerose","volume":"112","author":"Probst","year":"1903"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000299186.72374.19"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22286"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh041"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.04.024"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-018-0416-1","article-title":"Dissecting the pathobiology of altered MRI signal in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a post mortem whole brain sampling strategy for the integration of ultra-high-field MRI and quantitative neuropathology","volume":"19","author":"Pallebage-Gamarallage","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu162"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-318625"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/21678421.2015.1051989"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410220504"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.62"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/116.3.655","article-title":"Cortical function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A positron emission tomography study","volume":"116(Pt 3)","author":"Kew","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh509"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr279"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182563b57"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.03.024"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/21678421.2013.812660"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2015-311945"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23357"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2018.03.019"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/285227a0","article-title":"Stimulation of the cerebral cortex in the intact human subject","volume":"285","author":"Merton","year":"1980","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.50.2.159"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.50.6.732"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410220417"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91243-2","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of conduction time measurements in central motor pathways using magnetic stimulation of human brain","volume":"327","author":"Barker","year":"1986","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(89)90032-4"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880130211"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.3.605"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(91)90009-M"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-980X(96)96582-0"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S031716710004734X"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.61.6.596"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.49.5.1292"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnp.2018.10.002"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt085"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(95)00166-2"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150050561"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00185.2005"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2012.04.016"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050878"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(99)00223-3"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.07.029"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2016.01.014"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws150"},{"key":"2024111108100628000_91.3.227.152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14734220701490995"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp-2019-321938","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T16:10:30Z","timestamp":1731341430000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp-2019-321938"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]]},"references-count":152,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jnnp-2019-321938"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2019-321938","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050","1468-330X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-330X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]]}}}