{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T19:27:56Z","timestamp":1761766076985,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Ethics"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>I sketch a libertarian argument for the right to test in the context of \u2018direct to consumer\u2019 (DTC) genetic testing. A libertarian right to genetic tests, as defined here, relies on the idea of a moral right to self-ownership. I show how a libertarian right to test can be inferred from this general libertarian premise, at least as a <jats:italic>prima facie<\/jats:italic> right, shifting the burden of justification on regulators. I distinguish this distinctively libertarian position from some arguments based on considerations of utility or autonomy, which are sometimes labelled \u2018libertarian\u2019 because they oppose a tight regulation of the direct to consumer genetic testing sector. If one takes the libertarian right to test as a starting point, the whole discussion concerning autonomy and personal utility may be sidestepped. Finally, I briefly consider some considerations that justify the regulation of the DTC genetic testing market, compatible with the recognition of a <jats:italic>prima facie<\/jats:italic> right to test.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2015-102827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,6]],"date-time":"2016-06-06T18:08:39Z","timestamp":1465236519000},"page":"574-577","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Direct to consumer genetic testing and the libertarian right to test"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Michele","family":"Loi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092414143307000_42.9.574.1","unstructured":"Cha AE . Anne Wojcicki on 23andMe's new (and improved?) personal genome service. The Washington Post 21 Oct 2015 (cited 22 Dec 2015). https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/to-your-health\/wp\/2015\/10\/21\/anne-wojcicki-on-23andmes-new-and-improved-personal-genome-service\/"},{"key":"2025092414143307000_42.9.574.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/pme.13.69"},{"key":"2025092414143307000_42.9.574.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000343792"},{"key":"2025092414143307000_42.9.574.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3005797"},{"key":"2025092414143307000_42.9.574.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs.13.10"},{"key":"2025092414143307000_42.9.574.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2013-101887"},{"key":"2025092414143307000_42.9.574.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2014-102026"},{"key":"2025092414143307000_42.9.574.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2014-102171"},{"key":"2025092414143307000_42.9.574.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen GA . Self-ownership, freedom, and equality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995:292 p.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511521270"},{"key":"2025092414143307000_42.9.574.10","unstructured":"Vallentyne P , van der Vossen B . Libertarianism. In: Zalta EN , ed. The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. 2014 (cited 25 Mar 2015). http:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/archives\/fall2014\/entries\/libertarianism\/"},{"key":"2025092414143307000_42.9.574.11","unstructured":"Wenar L . Rights. In: Zalta EN , ed. The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. 2011 (cited 25 Mar 2015). http:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/archives\/fall2011\/entries\/rights\/"},{"key":"2025092414143307000_42.9.574.12","unstructured":"Nozick R . Anarchy, state, and Utopia. New York: Basic Books, 1974."},{"key":"2025092414143307000_42.9.574.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14636778.2012.662032"},{"key":"2025092414143307000_42.9.574.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tomasi J . Free market fairness. 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