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PAFs were applied to the number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for COPD and asthma. Pneumoconioses were estimated directly from cause of death data. Age-standardised rates were based only on persons aged 15 years and above.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The estimated PAFs (based on DALYs) were 17% (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 14%\u201320%) for COPD and 10% (95% UI 9%\u201311%) for asthma. There were estimated to be 519\u2009000 (95% UI 441,000\u2013609,000) deaths from chronic respiratory disease in 2016 due to occupational airborne risk factors (COPD: 460,100 [95% UI 382,000\u2013551,000]; asthma: 37,600 [95% UI 28,400\u201347,900]; pneumoconioses: 21,500 [95% UI 17,900\u201325,400]. The equivalent overall burden estimate was 13.6\u2009million (95% UI 11.9\u201315.5\u2009million); DALYs (COPD: 10.7 [95% UI 9.0\u201312.5]\u2009million; asthma: 2.3 [95% UI 1.9\u20132.9]\u2009million; pneumoconioses: 0.58 [95% UI 0.46\u20130.67]\u2009million). Rates were highest in males; older persons and mainly in Oceania, Asia and sub-Saharan Africa; and decreased from 1990 to 2016.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Workplace exposures resulting in COPD, asthma and pneumoconiosis continue to be important contributors to the burden of disease in all regions of the world. This should be reducible through improved prevention and control of relevant exposures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2019-106013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]],"date-time":"2020-02-13T14:25:16Z","timestamp":1581603916000},"page":"142-150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Global and regional burden of chronic respiratory disease in 2016 arising from non-infectious airborne occupational exposures: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"77","author":[{"name":"GBD 2016 Occupational Chronic Respiratory Risk Factors Collaborators","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020050723155227000_77.3.142.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqv019"},{"key":"2020050723155227000_77.3.142.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3400"},{"key":"2020050723155227000_77.3.142.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201305-119ST"},{"key":"2020050723155227000_77.3.142.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02770903.2011.611957"},{"key":"2020050723155227000_77.3.142.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.099390"},{"key":"2020050723155227000_77.3.142.6","first-page":"195","article-title":"Occupational causes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"22","author":"Rushton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Environ Health"},{"key":"2020050723155227000_77.3.142.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.646"},{"key":"2020050723155227000_77.3.142.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.4.2012146"},{"key":"2020050723155227000_77.3.142.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61164-7","article-title":"Exposure to substances in the workplace and new-onset asthma: an international prospective population-based study (ECRHS-II)","volume":"370","author":"Kogevinas","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2020050723155227000_77.3.142.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200811-1757ST"},{"key":"2020050723155227000_77.3.142.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304517","article-title":"Continued Increase in Prevalence of Coal Workers\u2019 Pneumoconiosis in the United States, 1970\u20132017","volume":"108","author":"Blackley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2020050723155227000_77.3.142.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2017-104428"},{"key":"2020050723155227000_77.3.142.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20211"},{"key":"2020050723155227000_77.3.142.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20210"},{"key":"2020050723155227000_77.3.142.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61766-8"},{"key":"2020050723155227000_77.3.142.16","first-page":"1659","article-title":"Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990\u20132013: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2013","volume":"388","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020050723155227000_77.3.142.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31679-8"},{"key":"2020050723155227000_77.3.142.18"},{"key":"2020050723155227000_77.3.142.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32225-6"},{"key":"2020050723155227000_77.3.142.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2019-106012"},{"key":"2020050723155227000_77.3.142.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2019-106008"},{"key":"2020050723155227000_77.3.142.22","unstructured":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation . 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