{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T02:20:00Z","timestamp":1773022800636,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Active duty Navy military personnel are prone to vitamin D deficiency due to an occupational environment detrimental to sunlight exposure. The main objective of this systematic review is to provide a worldwide overview of vitamin D status in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Condition, Context, Population (CoCoPop) mnemonic was used to define the inclusion criteria (vitamin D status; all contexts; active duty Navy military personnel). Studies with recruits or veterans were excluded. Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed\/Medline databases were searched from inception to 30 June 2022. Joanna Briggs Institute and Downs &amp; Black checklists were used for quality assessment and data were synthesised in narrative and tabular formats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirteen studies published between 1975 and 2022 and conducted in northern hemisphere Navies, including mainly young and male service members, were included. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was globally reported as significant. Nine studies included a total of 305 male submariners who performed 30\u201392 days submarine patrol and reported the effect of sunlight deprivation in the decrease of vitamin D levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This new systematic review underlines the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the Navy, especially in submariners, and the need to implement measures to prevent vitamin D deficiency. Serum 25(OH)D data available and the heterogeneity of the studies limited a pooled analysis. Most studies included only submariners, which may limit generalisability to all active duty Navy military personnel. Further research on this topic should be promoted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title><jats:p>CRD42022287057.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2022-108710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T00:00:29Z","timestamp":1680566429000},"page":"353-360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Vitamin D status in active duty Navy military personnel: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3194-1386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mois\u00e9s","family":"Henriques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Diogo","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Viegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Florentino","family":"Serranheira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ema","family":"Sacadura-Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023101202250998000_80.6.353.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738119857717","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation in military personnel: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"11","author":"Sivakumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"2023101202250998000_80.6.353.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-009-9308-9"},{"key":"2023101202250998000_80.6.353.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rietjens G , Most J , Joris PJ , et al . 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