{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T19:17:54Z","timestamp":1771355874327,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009947","name":"Merck Sharp and Dohme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009947","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Fundao para a Cincia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RMD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease that ultimately leads to bone erosions and joint destruction. Methotrexate (MTX) slows bone damage but the mechanism by which it acts is still unknown. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of MTX and low-dose prednisolone (PDN) on circulating osteoclast (OC) precursors and OC differentiation in patients with RA.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with RA before and at least 6 months after MTX therapy were analysed and compared with healthy donors. A blood sample was collected in order to assess receptor activator of NF-\u03ba\u03b2 (RANK) ligand surface expression on circulating leucocytes and frequency and phenotype of monocyte subpopulations. Quantification of serum levels of bone turnover markers and cytokines and OC differentiation assays were performed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Classical activation markers of monocytes and RANK increased in patients with RA at baseline, compared with control healthy donors, and after MTX and low-dose PDN (MTX+PDN) exposure they decreased to control levels. Although the number of OC was not different between groups, the percentage of resorbed area and the resorbed area per pit reduced after treatment. Serum soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa (RANKL) levels increased at baseline compared with healthy donors and normalised after therapy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our results suggest that MTX+PDN play an important role in downregulating OC function, which we believe occurs through the decrease in RANK surface expression in monocytes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2016-000365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,13]],"date-time":"2017-07-13T20:10:26Z","timestamp":1499976626000},"page":"e000365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Methotrexate and low-dose prednisolone downregulate osteoclast function by decreasing receptor activator of nuclear factor-\u03ba\u03b2 expression in monocytes from patients with early rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"In\u00eas Pedro","family":"Perp\u00e9tuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Caetano-Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Maria","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Campanilho-Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, EPE, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Ponte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, EPE, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Canh\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EpiDoC Unit, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mari","family":"Ainola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7671-2539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Eurico","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, EPE, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090313360557000_3.1.e000365.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smolen JS , Aletaha D . 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