{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T19:55:33Z","timestamp":1772826933590,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645056000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Axial Spondyloarthritis Society","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RMD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To estimate the relationship between EQ5D (three levels, UK version) and the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) for use in the economic evaluation of health technologies for people with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). To compare against the relationship with the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An electronic, prospective, Portuguese, nationwide, rheumatic disease register (Reuma.pt) provided data on 1140 patients (5483 observations) with a confirmed diagnosis of axSpA. We estimated models of EQ5D as a function of ASDAS, alone or in combination with measures of functional impairment, using bespoke mixture models which reflect the complex distributional features of EQ5D. The SPondyloArthritis Caught Early cohort provided data from 344 patients (1405 observations) in four European countries and was used for validation. A previously published model of BASDAI\/Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) was also used to generate predicted EQ5D scores and model performance compared.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A non-linear relationship exists between EQ5D from ASDAS. The final model included ASDAS, ASDAS squared, age and age squared and demonstrated close fit in both datasets except where data were sparse for patients with very high levels of disease activity (ASDAS &gt;4). This finding held in the validation dataset. Models that included BASFI improved model fit. The ASDAS based models fit the data marginally less well than models using BASDAI.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mapping models linking ASDAS to EQ5D allow results from clinical studies to be used in economic evaluation of health technologies with confidence. There is some loss of information compared with BASDAI but this has only a marginal impact.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2021-001955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T11:40:43Z","timestamp":1645098043000},"page":"e001955","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Measuring quality of life of patients with axial spondyloarthritis for economic evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Monica","family":"Hernandez Alava","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9324-1617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allan","family":"Wailoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Chrysanthou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, University of Bath, Bath, UK"}]},{"given":"Filipe","family":"Barcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Portugu\u00eas de Reumatologia; CEDOC - Centro de Estudos de Doen\u00e7as Cr\u00f3nicas, NOVA Medical School \/ Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade Nova de Lisbo, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"CHRC Comprehensive Health Research Center, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Reuma.pt, Sociedade Portuguesa de Reumatologia, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8448-7407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Floris A","family":"van Gaalen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reuma.pt, Sociedade Portuguesa de Reumatologia, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Rheumatology, Instituto Portugu\u00eas de Reumatologia, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Karen Minde","family":"Fagerli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hosp, Oslo, Norway"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Gago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reuma.pt, Sociedade Portuguesa de Reumatologia, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Hospital Egas Moniz, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Margarida Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reuma.pt, Sociedade Portuguesa de Reumatologia, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Reumatologia, Hospital Garcia de Orta, EPE, Almada, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marleen","family":"van de Sande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Maura C","family":"Couto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reuma.pt, Sociedade Portuguesa de Reumatologia, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Hospital Sao Teot\u00f3nio, Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Bernardes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reuma.pt, Sociedade Portuguesa de Reumatologia, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9683-8873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Ramonda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Exarchou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malm\u00f6, Lund University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Pedro D","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Algarve, Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"Lisbon Academic Medical Center, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Algarve Biomedical Center, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5781-158X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Desir\u00e9e","family":"van der Heijde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8411-7972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro M","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Rheumatology & Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, London, UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Northwick Park Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090312224088000_8.1.e001955.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem133"},{"key":"2025090312224088000_8.1.e001955.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1080\/14737167.2016.1200468","article-title":"Mapping the relationship between clinical and quality-of-life outcomes in patients with ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"17","author":"Mlcoch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res"},{"key":"2025090312224088000_8.1.e001955.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2015.02.016","article-title":"Modeling health state utility values in ankylosing spondylitis: comparisons of direct and indirect methods","volume":"18","author":"Wailoo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"2025090312224088000_8.1.e001955.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2013.93","article-title":"Spondyloarthritis: is it time to replace BASDAI with ASDAS?","volume":"9","author":"Machado","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025090312224088000_8.1.e001955.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.110279"},{"key":"2025090312224088000_8.1.e001955.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.004"},{"key":"2025090312224088000_8.1.e001955.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-211734"},{"key":"2025090312224088000_8.1.e001955.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210770"},{"key":"2025090312224088000_8.1.e001955.9","unstructured":"NICE . Position statement on use of the EQ-5D-5L value set for England (updated October 2019), 2019. Available: https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/about\/what-we-do\/our-programmes\/nice-guidance\/technology-appraisal-guidance\/eq-5d-5l"},{"key":"2025090312224088000_8.1.e001955.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199711000-00002"},{"key":"2025090312224088000_8.1.e001955.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.138594"},{"key":"2025090312224088000_8.1.e001955.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38921","article-title":"Calculating the ankylosing spondylitis disease activity score if the conventional C-reactive protein level is below the limit of detection or if high-sensitivity C-reactive protein is used: an analysis in the DESIR cohort","volume":"67","author":"Machado","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025090312224088000_8.1.e001955.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-213184"},{"key":"2025090312224088000_8.1.e001955.14","first-page":"2286","article-title":"A new approach to defining disease status in ankylosing spondylitis: the Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index","volume":"21","author":"Garrett","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025090312224088000_8.1.e001955.15","first-page":"2281","article-title":"A new approach to defining functional ability in ankylosing spondylitis: the development of the Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index","volume":"21","author":"Calin","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025090312224088000_8.1.e001955.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/34.8.793"},{"key":"2025090312224088000_8.1.e001955.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e3283470f23"},{"key":"2025090312224088000_8.1.e001955.18","first-page":"45","article-title":"Reuma.pt - the rheumatic diseases portuguese register","volume":"36","author":"Canh\u00e3o","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Reumatol Port"},{"key":"2025090312224088000_8.1.e001955.19","first-page":"55","article-title":"Predictors of response to TNF blockers in patients with polyarticular psoriatic arthritis","volume":"42","author":"Carvalho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Reumatol Port"},{"key":"2025090312224088000_8.1.e001955.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/279890","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of tocilizumab and TNF inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis patients: data from the rheumatic diseases Portuguese register, Reuma.pt","volume":"2015","author":"Rom\u00e3o","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"2025090312224088000_8.1.e001955.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2671","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39772","article-title":"Effect of comedication with conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs on retention of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in patients with spondyloarthritis: a prospective cohort study","volume":"68","author":"Sepriano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025090312224088000_8.1.e001955.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2016-000389"},{"key":"2025090312224088000_8.1.e001955.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket164"},{"key":"2025090312224088000_8.1.e001955.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2011.12.014"},{"key":"2025090312224088000_8.1.e001955.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta24290"},{"key":"2025090312224088000_8.1.e001955.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31362-X"},{"key":"2025090312224088000_8.1.e001955.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4182"}],"container-title":["RMD Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/rmdopen-2021-001955","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T19:22:50Z","timestamp":1756927370000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rmdopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/rmdopen-2021-001955"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/rmdopen-2021-001955"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rmdopen-2021-001955","relation":{},"ISSN":["2056-5933"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2056-5933","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}}}