{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T09:34:25Z","timestamp":1758706465015,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663027200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008741","name":"European League Against Rheumatism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008741","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"American College of Rheumatology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RMD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To investigate factors associated with severe COVID-19 in people with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Demographic data, clinical characteristics and COVID-19 outcome severity of adults with IIM were obtained from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry. A 3-point ordinal COVID-19 severity scale was defined: (1) no hospitalisation, (2) hospitalisation (and no death) and (3) death. ORs were estimated using multivariable ordinal logistic regression. Sensitivity analyses were performed using a 4-point ordinal scale: (1) no hospitalisation, (2) hospitalisation with no oxygen (and no death), (3) hospitalisation with oxygen\/ventilation (and no death) and 4) death.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 348 patients, 48% were not hospitalised, 39% were hospitalised (and did not die) and 13% died. Older age (OR=1.59\/decade, 95% CI 1.31 to 1.91), high disease activity (OR=3.50, 95% CI 1.25 to 9.83; vs remission), \u22652 comorbidities (OR=2.63, 95% CI 1.39 to 4.98; vs none), prednisolone-equivalent dose &gt;7.5 mg\/day (OR=2.40, 95% CI 1.09 to 5.28; vs no intake) and exposure to rituximab (OR=2.71, 95% CI 1.28 to 5.72; vs conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs only) were independently associated with severe COVID-19. In addition to these variables, in the sensitivity analyses, male sex (OR range: 1.65\u20131.83; vs female) was also significantly associated with severe outcomes, while COVID-19 diagnosis after 1 October 2020 (OR range: 0.51\u20130.59; vs on\/before 15 June 2020) was significantly associated with less severe outcomes, but these associations were not significant in the main model (OR=1.57, 95% CI 0.95 to 2.59; and OR=0.61, 95% CI 0.37 to 1.00; respectively).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This is the first large registry data on outcomes of COVID-19 in people with IIM. Older age, male sex, higher comorbidity burden, high disease activity, prednisolone-equivalent dose &gt;7.5 mg\/day and rituximab exposure were associated with severe COVID-19. These findings will enable risk stratification and inform management decisions for patients with IIM.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2022-002508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T11:39:23Z","timestamp":1663069163000},"page":"e002508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Factors associated with severe COVID-19 in people with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy: results from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4692-4669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su-Ann","family":"Yeoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, University College London University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}]},{"given":"Milena","family":"Gianfrancesco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8611-162X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saskia","family":"Lawson-Tovey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"},{"name":"National Institute of Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, Greater Manchester, UK"}]},{"given":"Kimme L","family":"Hyrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, Greater Manchester, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6233-022X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anja","family":"Strangfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ Berlin), Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Berlin, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4528-310X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laure","family":"Gossec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pierre Louis d'Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique, INSERM, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Paris, France"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, APHP, Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, Paris, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4401-2551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loreto","family":"Carmona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud Musculoesquel\u00e9tica (INMUSC), Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Elsa F","family":"Mateus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Portuguese League Against Rheumatic Diseases (LPCDR), Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6487-3634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ Berlin), Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Berlin, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3029-8739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Richez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Rhumatologie, Referral Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases RESO, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France"},{"name":"UMR CNRS 5164, Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7432-847X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Hachulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC), University of Lille, Lille, France"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de M\u00e9decine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Referral Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases North and Northwest of France (CeRAINO), INSERM U995, CHU Lille, Lille, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8996-5260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Holmqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7451-0271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo Alberto","family":"Scir\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Unit, Italian Society for Rheumatology (SIR), Milan, Italy"}]},{"given":"Hanns-Martin","family":"Lorenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Reinhard E","family":"Voll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2982-8253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Hasseli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospitals Giessen, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Arundathi","family":"Jayatilleke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1041-8040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiffany Y-T","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}]},{"given":"Kristin M","family":"D\u2019Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3638-7054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor R","family":"Pimentel-Quiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Lima, Peru"},{"name":"Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Vasquez del Mercado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico"}]},{"given":"Samuel Katsuyuki","family":"Shinjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Edgard Torres dos Reis","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Laurindo Ferreira da Rocha","family":"Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina","family":"de Oliveira e Silva Montandon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Universidade Federal de Goias (UFG), Goiania, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Guillermo J","family":"Pons-Estel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Argentine Society of Rheumatology, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}]},{"given":"Sof\u00eda","family":"Ornella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos (HIGA) San Martin, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}]},{"given":"Maria Eugenia","family":"D'Angelo Exeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanatorio Parque, C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina"}]},{"given":"Edson","family":"Velozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanatorio y Universidad Adventista del Plata, Libertador San Mart\u00edn, Entre R\u00edos, Argentina"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myositis UK, Southampton, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7087-8543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Sirotich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Canadian Arthritis Patient Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0786-8788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan S","family":"Hausmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Rheumatology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 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