{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T05:25:43Z","timestamp":1777181143422,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thorax"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The increasing number of patients treated by long-term non-invasive ventilation (NIV) challenges the capacity of specialised centres to perform in-hospital follow-up evaluations and requires, therefore, from the clinician a thorough and critical appraisal of the information provided by ventilator software as an important component of follow-up assessment. A systematic approach of the information is required along with a knowledge of the limitations in the reliability of some parameters and the variability in modes of reporting, which may be confusing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review reports the summary of observations made by a multinational group of experts in this field (SomnoNIV) over several years, and the relevant items from the medical literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We suggest a framework for a systematic approach of items provided by ventilator software, as well as a discussion of the different modes of reporting physiological variables according to manufacturers and pitfalls associated with some variables. An extensive iconography is included to illustrate and explicit the presentation of respiratory events occurring under NIV (impact of leaks, different patient-ventilator asynchronies, impact of inappropriate settings).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The analysis of the detailed tracings provided by the ventilator, and, importantly, the knowledge that these signals are modified and processed by the ventilator software and are not raw data, is important for the understanding of patient-ventilator interaction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2025-223931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T18:20:26Z","timestamp":1767378026000},"page":"thorax-2025-223931","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Non-invasive ventilation: interpretation of ventilator supplied data"],"prefix":"10.1136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9120-9050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoine","family":"L\u00e9otard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Physiologie et d\u2019Explorations Fonctionnelles, GHU Paris Saclay, H\u00f4pital Raymond Poincar\u00e9, Garches, FHU UMANHYS, AP-HP, Paris, \u00cele-de-France, France"},{"name":"U1179 Inserm, UVSQ, Versailles, \u00cele-de-France, France"},{"name":"SPLF, SomnoNIV group, Paris, \u00cele-de-France, France"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Carlucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SPLF, SomnoNIV group, Paris, \u00cele-de-France, France"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Universit\u00e0 del Salento, Lecce, Italy"},{"name":"U.O.C di Pneumologia, Ospedale Vito Fazzi Lecce-Italy, Ospedale Vito Fazzi, Lecce, Italy"}]},{"given":"Manel","family":"Luj\u00e1n-Torn\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SPLF, SomnoNIV group, Paris, \u00cele-de-France, France"},{"name":"Pneumology Department, Sabadell Hospital, Corporaci\u00f3 Sanitaria Parc Taul\u00ed, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Rabec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SPLF, SomnoNIV group, Paris, \u00cele-de-France, France"},{"name":"Service de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Langevin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensivist, SomnoNIV consultant, Ales, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5030-8175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Lofaso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SPLF, SomnoNIV group, Paris, \u00cele-de-France, France"},{"name":"Service de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Raymond Poincar\u00e9, Garches, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2444-8710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joao Carlos","family":"Winck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SPLF, SomnoNIV group, Paris, \u00cele-de-France, France"},{"name":"UniC, Cardiovascular R& D Centre, Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Sleep and Ventilation Unit, Instituto CUF, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2399-4370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Sayas Catalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SPLF, SomnoNIV group, Paris, \u00cele-de-France, France"},{"name":"Pneumology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Community of Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Lalmolda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SPLF, SomnoNIV group, Paris, \u00cele-de-France, France"},{"name":"Pneumology Department, Sabadell Hospital, Corporaci\u00f3 Sanitaria Parc Taul\u00ed, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jesus","family":"Gonzalez-Bermejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SPLF, SomnoNIV group, Paris, \u00cele-de-France, France"},{"name":"INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Paris, France"},{"name":"AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire APHP, Paris, France"}]},{"given":"Jean-Paul","family":"Janssens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SPLF, SomnoNIV group, Paris, \u00cele-de-France, France"},{"name":"Centre Cardio-respiratoire, H\u00f4pital de la Tour, Meyrin, Switzerland"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.1","first-page":"100930","article-title":"Growth of home respiratory equipment from 2006 to 2019 and cost control by health policies","volume":"82","author":"Ribeiro Baptista","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respir Med Res"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.02.064"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chpulm.2024.100108","article-title":"Evolution of Home Mechanical Ventilation in Sweden Over 27 Years. Changing Trends in Incidence, Prevalence, and Patient Characteristics - The Population-Based the Course of Disease in Patients Reported to the Swedish CPAP Oxygen and Ventilator Registry (DISCOVERY) Study","volume":"2","author":"Palm","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.01.017"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.139782"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.142661"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2016-208393"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-206569"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.67"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2013.10.007"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.108274"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.105877","article-title":"Time-to-death in chronic respiratory failure on home mechanical ventilation: A cohort study","volume":"162","author":"Schwarz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12327"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2015-312606"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2019-214204"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1159\/000511962","article-title":"New Insights in Adherence and Survival in Myotonic Dystrophy Patients Using Home Mechanical Ventilation","volume":"100","author":"Seijger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-1340"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-0485"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.02010"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2466-13-75","article-title":"Effect of dynamic random leaks on the monitoring accuracy of home mechanical ventilators: a bench study","volume":"13","author":"Sogo","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.03413"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2696-8"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12062163","article-title":"Monitoring Systems in Home Ventilation","volume":"12","author":"Arnal","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2018-213022"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.3109\/21678421.2013.776086","article-title":"Prognostic value of efficiently correcting nocturnal desaturations after one month of non-invasive ventilation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a retrospective monocentre observational cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Gonzalez-Bermejo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-2896(04)75582-9","article-title":"Leak monitoring in noninvasive ventilation","volume":"40","author":"Rabec","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1159\/000529196","article-title":"Respiratory Events and Health-Related Quality of Life in Long-Term Non-Invasive Ventilation: How Can We Optimize and Prevent Failure?","volume":"102","author":"Kleiven","year":"2023","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-011-0605-y"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1159\/000535704","article-title":"Deventilation Syndrome in COPD Patients Receiving Long-Term Home Noninvasive Ventilation: A Systematic Scoping Review","volume":"103","author":"Wollsching-Strobel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-1705"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200406-694OC"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-020-01586-8","article-title":"Monitoring of noninvasive ventilation: comparative analysis of different strategies","volume":"21","author":"Georges","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-021-01618-x","article-title":"Mask side-effects in long-term CPAP-patients impact adherence and sleepiness: the InterfaceVent real-life study","volume":"22","author":"Rotty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.99.14612519"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.35","article-title":"Impact of leaks on respiratory effort during sleep in patients treated by non invasive ventilation","volume":"54","author":"Contal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-017-0487-2","article-title":"Combined effects of leaks, respiratory system properties and upper airway patency on the performance of home ventilators: a bench study","volume":"17","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2011.10.010","article-title":"Home mechanical ventilation monitoring software: measure more or measure better?","volume":"48","author":"Luj\u00e1n","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10122416","article-title":"Responses of Bilevel Ventilators to Unintentional Leak: A Bench Study","volume":"10","author":"Lebret","year":"2022","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.02596"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15412555.2017.1318843"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2172","article-title":"Rules for Scoring Respiratory Events in Sleep: Update of the 2007 AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events","volume":"08","author":"Berry","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.03633"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1159\/000454954","article-title":"Monitoring Noninvasive Ventilation in Patients with Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome: Comparison between Ventilator Built-in Software and Respiratory Polygraphy","volume":"93","author":"Fernandez Alvarez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13497"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.09.015"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.142653"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.011822018","article-title":"Development and validation of a simple tool for the assessment of home noninvasive ventilation: the S(3)-NIV questionnaire","volume":"52","author":"Dupuis-Lozeron","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/11.5.448","article-title":"Factor analysis of the St. Mary\u2019s Hospital Sleep Questionnaire","volume":"11","author":"Leigh","year":"1988","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.50","first-page":"835","article-title":"An instrument to measure functional status outcomes for disorders of excessive sleepiness","volume":"20","author":"Weaver","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(03)00088-X"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874523","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.874523","article-title":"Monitoring Long Term Noninvasive Ventilation: Benefits, Caveats and Perspectives","volume":"9","author":"Janssens","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"2026010210202042000_thorax-2025-223931v1.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2011-201081"}],"container-title":["Thorax"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/thorax-2025-223931","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T18:20:29Z","timestamp":1767378029000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thorax.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/thorax-2025-223931"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/thorax-2025-223931"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thorax-2025-223931","relation":{},"ISSN":["0040-6376","1468-3296"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0040-6376","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3296","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]}}}