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In the far field, this paper studies the applicability of the fast multipole method for deforming elliptical Gaussians since the multipole series are divergent. The noncompact basis functions introduce a new computational length scale that limits the efficiency of the multipole algorithm; however, by imposing a lower bound on the finest mesh size, one can approximate the far\u2010field streamfunction to any specified tolerance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1137\/050637789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,21]],"date-time":"2006-09-21T18:09:08Z","timestamp":1158862148000},"page":"1509-1532","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluation of the Biot\u2013Savart Integral for Deformable Elliptical Gaussian Vortex Elements"],"prefix":"10.1137","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Louis F.","family":"Rossi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"351","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9991(86)90102-6"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/0913055"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2175173"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2175173"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fld.811"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9991(85)90176-7"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jcph.1999.6355"},{"key":"R7","unstructured":"G.\u2010H. 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