{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T18:34:34Z","timestamp":1787337274281,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics (SIAM)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SIAM J. Sci. Comput."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We have developed a new type of atmospheric general circulation model for super\u2013high-resolution climate studies. To avoid the pole problem, the model uses a modified icosahedral grid and a newly developed nonhydrostatic scheme. In this paper, we concentrate on the computational aspects of the model, including optimization for a massively parallel supercomputer. We optimized the code to achieve fast calculation on the Earth Simulator (ES) and compared the computational performance with that of the spectral transform model. Our results show that our new approach may be a prototype for future atmospheric general circulation models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1137\/070692273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,14]],"date-time":"2008-10-14T13:38:58Z","timestamp":1223991538000},"page":"2755-2776","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["A New Approach to Atmospheric General Circulation Model: Global Cloud Resolving Model NICAM and its Computational Performance"],"prefix":"10.1137","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Hirofumi","family":"Tomita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Satoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"351","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jcph.2000.6615"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jcph.1999.6385"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.49710042605"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.49710544506"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(2002)130<2989:AGVOTP>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0469(1998)055<3283:TCRMOL>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(1995)123<1862:NIOTSW>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(1995)123<1881:NIOTSW>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0477(1994)075<1825:APFTIO>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"R10","unstructured":"K-1 Model Developers,\n                      K-1 Coupled GCM (MIROC) Description\n                      , Tech. report 1, The Center for Climate System Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan, 2004."},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(1974)102<0509:VVCSUF>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"R12","first-page":"1","volume":"32","author":"Kessler E.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Meteorological Monograph","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0097-3815","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(1965)093<0399:NIOTPE>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1983)022<1065:BPOTSF>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00117978"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(2002)130<0319:TOGIHG>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Masuda and H. Ohnishi,\n                      An integration scheme of the primitive equation model with an icosahedral-hexagonal grid system and its application to the shallow water equations\n                      , in Short- and Medium-Range Numerical Weather Prediction: Collection of Papers Presented at the WMO\/IUGG NWP Symposium, Tokyo, Japan, 1986, pp. 317\u2013326.","DOI":"10.2151\/jmsj1965.64A.0_317"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0469(1974)031<1791:AHOTCM>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/2007MWR2101.1"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2006GL027448"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2005GL023672"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2151\/jmsj.84.165"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.39.004869"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JAS3948.1"},{"key":"R25","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"Numaguti A.","year":"1997","journal-title":"CGER's Supercomputer Monograph Report"},{"key":"R26","unstructured":"S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, M. Marquis, K. Averyt, M. M. B. Tignor, H. L. Miller, Jr., and Z. Chen,\n                      Climate Change $2007$: The Physical Science Basis\n                      , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2007."},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0469(1966)023<0626:TEOMFA>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0477-72.12.1914"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. A. Randall, R. Heikes, and T. Ringler,\n                      Chapter $17$ global atmospheric modeling using a geodesic grid with an isentropic vertical coordinate\n                      , in General Circulation Model Development, Academic Press, New York, 2000, pp. 509\u2013538.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-6142(00)80065-0"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(2000)128<2471:MTAGCU>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0477-73.9.1453"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.49711649210"},{"key":"R33","unstructured":"R. Sadourny,\n                      Numerical integration of the primitive equations on a spherical grid with hexagonal cells\n                      , in Proceedings of the WMO\/IUGG Symposium on Numerical Weather Prediction, Tokyo, Japan, 1969, pp. VII45\u2013VII52."},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(1968)096<0351:IOTNBV>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(2002)130<1227:CSFTCN>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(2003)131<1033:CSFACN>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2007.02.006"},{"key":"R38","first-page":"11","volume":"3","author":"Satoh M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Earth. Sim."},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Shingu, H. Takahara, H. Fuchigami, M. Yamada, Y. Tsuda, W. Ohfuchi, Y. Sasaki, K. Kobayashi, T. Hagiwara, S. Habata, M. Yokokawa, H. Itoh, and K. Otsuka,\n                      A $26.58$ Tflops global atmospheric simulation with the spectral transform method on the Earth Simulator\n                      , in Proceedings of the 2002 ACM\/IEEE Conference on Supercomputing, IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, 2002, pp. 1\u201319.","DOI":"10.1109\/SC.2002.10053"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/\/2564.1"},{"key":"R41","first-page":"297","volume":"69","author":"Steppeler J.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Beitr. Phys. Atmosph.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0303-4186","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jcph.1996.0196"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jcph.1996.5554"},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2005GL022459"},{"key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fluiddyn.2004.03.003"},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jcph.2002.7193"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jcph.2001.6897"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(1998)126<1992:ATSSFT>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(2002)130<2088:TSMFEM>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/tellusa.v20i4.10044"},{"key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(1970)098<0512:IOTPBM>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9991(05)80016-6"}],"container-title":["SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/epubs.siam.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1137\/070692273","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T17:53:50Z","timestamp":1787334830000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/epubs.siam.org\/doi\/10.1137\/070692273"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1137\/070692273"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1137\/070692273","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-8275","1095-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-8275","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]}}}