{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:25:54Z","timestamp":1787239554720,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics (SIAM)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SIAM Rev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Antiviral therapy acting to increase the incubation period of HIV-1, without significantly reducing infectiousness, will necessarily increase the prevalence of infection, unless accompanied by appropriate levels of behaviour change. However, the number of AIDS-related deaths may decline despite a large increase in numbers of seropositives, if the latter is balanced by an increase in the average life-span of an infected individual. In a homogeneous population, treatment will be of benefit to both the individual and the community if the basic reproductive rate of the disease is high, provided that the coverage and efficacy are also high. However, therapy may be of detriment to the community (i.e., produce an increase in the number of AIDS deaths) under a combination of low drug efficacy and high coverage or vice versa, if the basic reproductive rate is low. In a behaviourally heterogeneous population with proportionate mixing, the outcome of treatment is extremely sensitive to the rate of cessation of sexual activity. Within certain parameter combinations, the sensitivity of the system to the rate of cessation of sexual activity can cause a larger decrease in population size at higher basic reproductive rates. This is in direct contrast to the homogeneous case, where the outcome of therapy is less likely to be perverse at higher values of the basic reproductive rate. The conclusions of this paper are not in conflict with the moral imperative of providing treatment for individuals infected with HIV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1137\/1035001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,7]],"date-time":"2005-03-07T02:32:15Z","timestamp":1110162735000},"page":"1-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Mathematical Models and the Design of Public Health Policy: Hiv and Antiviral Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1137","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Sunetra","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy M.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"351","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/imammb\/3.4.229"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0592-58"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/350356a0"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198707233170401"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03430170067030"},{"key":"R6","unstructured":"S. Gupta, R. M. Anderson, R. M. May,  The impact of population based chemotherapy on the transmission dynamics of HIV- 1: the influence of heterogeneity in sexual behaviour,  1993, IMA J. Math. Appl. Med. Biol., to appear"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198912143212401"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-108-2-175"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/163.2.386"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2467383"},{"key":"R11","unstructured":"R. M. May, R. M. Anderson,  Effects of AZT on the average life expectancy in a population affected by HIV,  1991, in preparation"},{"key":"R12","unstructured":"P. A. Marx, A. Gettie, J. Eldridge,  Animal models for the heterosexual transmission of HIV,  Biology of Heterosexual Transmission of HIV, Bethesda, MD,  1991"},{"key":"R13","unstructured":"C. J. Miller,  Genital transmission of SIV and localisation of SIV in the reproductive tract of chronically infected rhesus macaques,  Biology of Heterosexual Transmission of HIV, Bethesda, MD,  1991"},{"key":"R14","unstructured":"M. Murphey-Corb,  The susceptibility of rhesus PBL to SIV\/delta infection in vitro is predictive of disease in vivo,  Biology of Heterosexual Transmission of HIV, Bethesda, MD,  1991"},{"key":"R15","unstructured":"T. R. O'Brien, D. J. Anderson, G. R. Seage, III,  Inverse association between Zidovudine (AZT) therapy and the prevalence of HIV in semen,  Abstract MC3092, Proceedings of 7th International Conference on AIDS, Florence, Italy,  1991"},{"key":"R16","first-page":"795","volume":"4","author":"Paltiel A. D.","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. AIDS"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198707233170402"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199004053221401"}],"container-title":["SIAM Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/epubs.siam.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1137\/1035001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:39:19Z","timestamp":1787236759000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/epubs.siam.org\/doi\/10.1137\/1035001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,3]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1137\/1035001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1137\/1035001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-1445","1095-7200"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-1445","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-7200","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,3]]}}}