{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T19:14:58Z","timestamp":1787339698735,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics (SIAM)","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005145","name":"Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20180413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20180413"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005145","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010906","name":"NSAF Joint Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1530401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1530401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010906","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11801269"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11801269"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11571032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11571032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["91630207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91630207"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DMS-1517347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMS-1517347"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DMS-1815921"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMS-1815921"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OIA-1655740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OIA-1655740"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DMS-1816783"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMS-1816783"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SIAM J. Sci. Comput."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We present a systematic approach to developing arbitrarily high-order, unconditionally energy stable numerical schemes for thermodynamically consistent gradient flow models that satisfy energy dissipation laws. Utilizing the energy quadratization method, we formulate the gradient flow model into an equivalent form with a corresponding quadratic free energy functional. Based on the equivalent form with a quadratic energy, we propose two classes of energy stable numerical approximations. In the first approach, we use a prediction-correction strategy to improve the accuracy of linear numerical schemes. In the second approach, we adopt the Gaussian collocation method to discretize the equivalent form with a quadratic energy, arriving at an arbitrarily high-order scheme for gradient flow models. Schemes derived using both approaches are proved rigorously to be unconditionally energy stable. The proposed schemes are then implemented in four gradient flow models numerically to demonstrate their accuracy and effectiveness. Detailed numerical comparisons among these schemes are carried out as well. These numerical strategies are rather general so that they can be readily generalized to solve any thermodynamically consistent PDE models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1137\/18m1213579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]],"date-time":"2020-01-21T11:03:06Z","timestamp":1579604586000},"page":"B135-B156","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Arbitrarily High-Order Unconditionally Energy Stable Schemes for Thermodynamically Consistent Gradient Flow Models"],"prefix":"10.1137","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5381-7183","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuezheng","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6021-0841","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jia","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"351","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2010.11.033"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Dynamics of Polymeric Liquids: Kinetic Theory","volume":"2","author":"Bird R.","year":"1987"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnum.2018.02.004"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-4655(97)00115-X"},{"key":"atypb5","first-page":"100031","volume":"3","author":"Chen W.","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10915-013-9774-0"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cam.2018.05.039"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/100810174"},{"key":"atypb9","first-page":"70","author":"Elder K. R.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"atypb10","first-page":"88","author":"Elder K. R.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/m2an\/2013074"},{"key":"atypb12","first-page":"39","volume":"529","author":"Eyre D.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Comput. Math. Models Microstruct. Evol."},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10915-018-0690-1"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/num.22271"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4208\/eajam.200113.220213a"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2016.03.042"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2011.03.033"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2012.03.002"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10915-016-0224-7"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2017.05.002"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10444-018-9597-5"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/17M1135451"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/17M1111759"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2013.11.016"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2014.07.014"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4310\/CMS.2016.v14.n2.a8"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2017.08.011"},{"key":"atypb28","volume-title":"Geometric Numerical Integration: Structure-preserving Algorithms for Ordinary Differential Equations","author":"Hairer E.","year":"2006"},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2015.02.046"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1090\/mcom\/3262"},{"key":"atypb31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00332-004-0634-9"},{"key":"atypb32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095679250300528X"},{"key":"atypb33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/140993193"},{"key":"atypb34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4024404"},{"key":"atypb35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mma.2869"},{"key":"atypb36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.37.405"},{"key":"atypb37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/110822839"},{"key":"atypb38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4208\/cicp.OA-2017-0209"},{"key":"atypb39","volume-title":"A New Class of Efficient and Robust Energy Stable Schemes for Gradient Flows, arXiv:1710.01331","author":"Shen J.","year":"2017"},{"key":"atypb40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2017.10.021"},{"key":"atypb41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/dcds.2010.28.1669"},{"key":"atypb42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/09075860X"},{"key":"atypb43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2014.12.046"},{"key":"atypb44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2017.07.006"},{"key":"atypb45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruc.2015.05.029"},{"key":"atypb46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/dcds.2010.28.405"},{"key":"atypb47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/090752675"},{"key":"atypb48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/080738143"},{"key":"atypb49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.4208\/cicp.OA-2016-0197","volume":"32","author":"Yan Y.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Commun. Comput. Phys"},{"key":"atypb50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2016.10.020"},{"key":"atypb51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/e18060202"},{"key":"atypb52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4208\/cicp.OA-2017-0259"},{"key":"atypb53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2016.12.025"},{"key":"atypb54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218202517500373"},{"key":"atypb55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10915-016-0283-9"},{"key":"atypb56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2016.06.008"},{"key":"atypb57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2017.01.031"},{"key":"atypb58","first-page":"884","volume":"15","author":"Zhao J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Numer. Anal. Model."}],"container-title":["SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/epubs.siam.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1137\/18M1213579","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T17:33:44Z","timestamp":1787333624000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/epubs.siam.org\/doi\/10.1137\/18M1213579"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1137\/18M1213579"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1137\/18m1213579","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-8275","1095-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-8275","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}}}