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Math. Anal."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently a continuous description of particle swarm optimization (PSO) based on a system of stochastic differential equations was proposed by Grassi and Pareschi in [ Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci., 31 (2021), pp. 1625--1657] where the authors formally showed the link between PSO and the consensus-based optimization (CBO) through the zero-inertia limit. This paper is devoted to solving this theoretical open problem proposed in [S. Grassi and L. Pareschi, Math. Methods Appl. Sci., 31 (2021), pp. 1625--1657] by providing a rigorous derivation of CBO from PSO through the limit of zero inertia, and a quantified convergence rate is obtained as well. The proofs are based on a probabilistic approach by investigating both the weak and strong convergence of the corresponding stochastic differential equations of Mckean type in the continuous path space and the results are illustrated with some numerical examples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1137\/21m1412323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T09:56:05Z","timestamp":1653386165000},"page":"3091-3121","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Zero-Inertia Limit: From Particle Swarm Optimization to Consensus-Based Optimization"],"prefix":"10.1137","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3233-190X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cristina","family":"Cipriani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinniao","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"351","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Simulated Annealing and Boltzmann Machines: A Stochastic Approach to Combinatorial Optimization and Neural Computing","author":"Aarts E.","year":"1989"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aop\/1176995579"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"Gradient Flows: In Metric Spaces and in the Space of Probability Measures","author":"Ambrosio L.","year":"2008"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420050387.ptb"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/130904569"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/090746677"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470316962"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/937503.937505"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218202511005702"},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"Weak Convergence of Particle Swarm Optimization, preprint, arXiv:1811.04924","author":"Bruned V.","year":"2018"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anihpc.2020.02.001"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219199718500396"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218202518500276"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/090757290"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/cocv\/2020046"},{"key":"atypb16","volume-title":"Quantified Overdamped Limit for Kinetic Vlasov--Fokker--Planck Equations with Singular Interaction Forces, preprint, arXiv:2012.00422","author":"Choi Y.-P.","year":"2020"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2007.895842"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781107295513"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-03311-7"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00526-017-1186-9"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jde.2015.08.018"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218202520500530"},{"key":"atypb23","series-title":"SIAM J. 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