{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T18:35:18Z","timestamp":1787337318690,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics (SIAM)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SIAM J. Sci. Comput."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Stencil composition uses the idea of function composition, wherein two stencils with arbitrary orders of derivative are composed to obtain a stencil with a derivative order equal to the sum of the orders of the composing stencils. In this paper, we show how stencil composition can be applied to form finite difference stencils in order to numerically solve partial differential equations (PDEs). We present various properties of stencil composition and investigate the relationship between the order of accuracy of the composed stencil and that of the composing stencils. We also present comparisons between the stability restrictions of composed higher-order PDEs to their compact versions and numerical experiments wherein we verify the order of accuracy by convergence tests. To demonstrate an application to PDEs, a boundary value problem involving the two-dimensional biharmonic equation is numerically solved using stencil composition and the order of accuracy is verified by performing a convergence test. The method is then applied to the Cahn\u2013Hilliard phase-field model. In addition to sample results in two and three dimensions for this benchmark problem, the stability, spectral properties, and sparsity are explored.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1137\/23m1596478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T04:00:28Z","timestamp":1741060828000},"page":"A657-A688","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stencil Composition for Finite Difference Approximations of Partial Differential Equations"],"prefix":"10.1137","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7445-066X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abhishek","family":"Mishra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Computational and Data Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6151-8247","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David","family":"Salac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Computational and Data Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA, and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2292-0735","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthew G.","family":"Knepley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Computational and Data Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA, and Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"351","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2426(199707)13:4<375::AID-NUM5>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"ref2","author":"Balay S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"PETSc Web Page"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2172\/2337606","author":"Balay S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"PETSc\/TAO Users Manual"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-6160(61)90182-1"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/18M1172260"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.4401"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/130929497"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00791-008-0122-0"},{"key":"ref9","volume-title":"Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications: Using MATLAB","author":"Ford W.","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/15M1021325"},{"key":"ref11","volume-title":"The Finite Element Method: Linear Static and Dynamic Finite Element Analysis","author":"Hughes T.","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.commatsci.2016.09.022"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9274(02)00138-1"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511791253"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10915-008-9196-6"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/080740003"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"A. Mishra, Enabling Computational Methods for Discretization of Partial Differential Equation Models using Stencil Composition, Ph.D. thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2022."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511812248"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-5564(97)00075-8"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Comput. Phys. Process. Mech. Thermal Sci.","volume-title":"Computational Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer","author":"Pletcher R.","year":"1997","edition":"2"},{"key":"ref21","volume-title":"Partial Differential Equations in Mechanics 2: The Biharmonic Equation, Poisson\u2019s Equation","author":"Selvadurai A. P. S.","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.857686"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9780898717938"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Tian, C. B. Macdonald, and S. J. Ruuth, Segmentation on surfaces with the closest point method, in Proceedings of the 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, IEEE, 2009, pp. 3009\u20133012.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2009.5414447"},{"key":"ref25","volume-title":"The Finite Element Method: Its Basis and Fundamentals","author":"Zienkiewicz O.","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/epubs.siam.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1137\/23M1596478","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T17:56:58Z","timestamp":1787335018000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/epubs.siam.org\/doi\/10.1137\/23M1596478"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1137\/23M1596478"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1137\/23m1596478","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-8275","1095-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-8275","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]}}}