{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T16:36:06Z","timestamp":1762101366778},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364774400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The progressive heart rate (HR) increase and stroke volume (SV) decline during prolonged constant-load leg exercise signifies cardiovascular drift (CV<jats:sub>drift<\/jats:sub>); fluid replacement is known to minimize this phenomenon. Like their able-bodied counterparts (AB), paraplegic athletes undergo prolonged exercise during training and competition, which could result in CV<jats:sub>drift<\/jats:sub>. The aim of this study is to address the role of rehydration on preventing CV<jats:sub>drift<\/jats:sub> in spinal cord injured (SCI) paraplegic athletes. Eight SCI athletes with an injury level between C7 and T6 and 9 AB subjects performed 60-min constant-load exercise on a wheelchair ergometer in a thermo-neutral environment. No fluid was taken in 1 trial, whereas 85% of sweat losses were replaced by drinking water in another trial. Cardic output (CO), SV, HR, and oral temperature (T<jats:sub>or<\/jats:sub>) were determined during exercise. Prolonged exercise resulted in similar HR (18 beats\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> for AB and 12 beats\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> for SCI) and T<jats:sub>or<\/jats:sub> (0.63 \u00b0C for AB and 0.71 \u00b0C for SCI) elevation and SV decline (\u22128.5 mL\u00b7beat<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> for AB and \u22125.5 mL\u00b7beat<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> for SCI), whereas CO remained unchanged. Water intake restrained the exercise-induced hyperthermia and resulted in smaller SV decline (\u22124.0 mL for AB and \u22123.0 mL for SCI, p &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, CV<jats:sub>drift<\/jats:sub> was similar in SCI and AB subjects during prolonged wheelchair exercise. Likewise, the beneficial effects of hydration in both groups were analogous. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2012-0131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,9]],"date-time":"2012-11-09T16:08:22Z","timestamp":1352477302000},"page":"375-381","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cardiovascular drift in trained paraplegic and able-bodied individuals during prolonged wheelchair exercise: effect of fluid replacement"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Emmanouil D.","family":"Zacharakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Games and Sports, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Athens, Athens, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stylianos N.","family":"Kounalakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Performance\u2013Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Physical and Cultural Education, Evelpidon Hellenic Military University, 16672 Vari, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George P.","family":"Nassis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine and Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Physical Education, and Sport Science, University of Athens, 17237 Dafne, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nickos D.","family":"Geladas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine and Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Physical Education, and Sport Science, University of Athens, 17237 Dafne, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1494844"},{"issue":"3","key":"refg2\/ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1976.40.3.384","volume":"40","author":"Chappuis P.","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. 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