{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T13:46:36Z","timestamp":1791207996830,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]],"date-time":"2013-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The effects of alkaloid caffeine on insulin sensitivity have been investigated primarily in men, and with a single caffeine dose most commonly of 5\u20136 mg\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>of body weight (BW). It is unknown if the effects of caffeine on glucose homeostasis are sex-specific and (or) dose-dependent. This study examined whether caffeine ingestion would disrupt glucose homeostasis in a dose-dependent or threshold manner. It also examined whether sex-specific responses to caffeine exist. It was hypothesized that women would have an exaggerated response to caffeine, and that caffeine would only impair glucose metabolism once a threshold was reached. Twenty-four healthy volunteers (12 males, 12 females) participated in 4 trials, in a crossover, randomized, and double-blind fashion. They ingested caffeine (1, 3, or 5 mg\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>of BW) or placebo followed, 1 h later, by a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test. Glucose, insulin, C-peptide area under the curve (AUC), and insulin sensitivity index data were fitted to a segmented linear model to determine dose\u2013responses. There were no differences between sexes for any endpoints. Regression slopes were significantly different from zero (p &lt; 0.05) for glucose, insulin, and C-peptide AUCs, with thresholds being no different from zero. Increasing caffeine consumption by 1 mg\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>of BW increased insulin and C-peptide AUCs by 5.8% and 8.7%, respectively. Despite this exaggerated insulin response, glucose AUC increased by 11.2 mmol per 120 min\u00b7L<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>for each mg\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>BW consumed. These results showed that caffeine ingestion disrupted insulin sensitivity in a dose-dependent fashion beginning at very low doses (0\u20131 mg\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>BW) in both healthy men and women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2012-0201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,9]],"date-time":"2012-11-09T15:39:19Z","timestamp":1352475559000},"page":"140-147","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Caffeine ingestion impairs insulin sensitivity in a dose-dependent manner in both men and women"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Marie-Soleil","family":"Beaudoin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gillian","family":"Mazzetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry E.","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00544361"},{"key":"refg2\/ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2004.01331.x"},{"key":"refg3\/ref3","first-page":"310","volume":"5","author":"Aldridge A.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Semin. 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