{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T19:09:36Z","timestamp":1769972976731,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An altered one-carbon cycle is known to influence placental and fetal development. We hypothesize that deficiency of maternal micronutrients such as folic acid and vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>will lead to increased oxidative stress, reduced long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, and altered expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR\u03b3) in the placenta, and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation to these diets will increase the expression of PPAR\u03b3. Female rats were divided into 5 groups: control, folic acid deficient, vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>deficient, folic acid deficient + omega-3 fatty acid supplemented, and vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>deficient + omega-3 fatty acid supplemented. Dams were dissected on gestational day 20. Maternal micronutrient deficiency leads to lower (p &lt; 0.05) levels of placental docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, PPAR\u03b3 expression and higher (p &lt; 0.05) levels of plasma malonidialdehyde, placental IL-6, and TNF-\u03b1. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation to a vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>deficient diet normalized the expression of PPAR\u03b3 and lowered the levels of placental TNF-\u03b1. In the case of supplementation to a folic acid deficient diet it lowered the levels of malonidialdehyde and placental IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1. This study has implications for fetal growth as oxidative stress, inflammation, and PPAR\u03b3 are known to play a key role in the placental development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2013-0518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,13]],"date-time":"2014-01-13T22:38:44Z","timestamp":1389652724000},"page":"793-800","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Maternal micronutrients, omega-3 fatty acids, and placental PPAR\u03b3 expression"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Akshaya P.","family":"Meher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asmita A.","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sadhana R.","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000178750.84837.ed"},{"key":"refg2\/ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)38805-2","volume":"27","author":"Applegate K.R.","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. 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