{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T06:51:49Z","timestamp":1781506309505,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cdnsciencepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> This study investigated the effect of \u03b1-amyrin (a pentacyclic triterpene) on high-fructose diet (HFD)-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into different groups. The control group was fed normal rat chow diet. The HFD group was fed HFD (60%; w\/w) for 42 days. Pioglitazone (10 mg\/kg, orally, once daily) was used as a standard drug. \u03b1-Amyrin was administered in 3 doses (50, 100, and 200 mg\/kg, orally, once daily along with HFD). Plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were estimated. Changes in blood pressure, oral glucose tolerance, and insulin tolerance were measured. Hepatic oxidative stress as well as messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-\u03b1) were analyzed. A significant increase in systolic blood pressure, plasma glucose, total cholesterol, and plasma triglycerides and a significant decrease in HDL-C were observed in HFD rats as compared with control rats. Glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were also significantly impaired with HFD. \u03b1-Amyrin prevented these changes in a dose\u2013dependent manner. Hepatic oxidative stress as well as micro- and macrovesicular fatty changes in hepatocytes caused by HFD were also attenuated by \u03b1-amyrin. \u03b1-Amyrin preserved the hepatic mRNA and protein levels of PPAR-\u03b1, which was reduced in HFD group. This study thus demonstrates that \u03b1-amyrin attenuates HFD-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2016-0088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,2]],"date-time":"2016-09-02T17:40:30Z","timestamp":1472838030000},"page":"23-32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["\u03b1-Amyrin attenuates high fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Pankaj","family":"Prabhakar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KH.","family":"Reeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subir Kumar","family":"Maulik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit Kumar","family":"Dinda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yogendra Kumar","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aebi, H. 1974. Catalase. In Methods of Enzymatic Analysis. Edited by H.U. Bergmeyer. Academic Press Inc., Verlag. pp. 673\u2013685.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-091302-2.50032-3"},{"key":"refg2\/ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-0407.2011.00152.x"},{"key":"refg3\/ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i7.1807"},{"key":"refg5\/ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fca.10.86"},{"key":"refg6\/ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-2-5"},{"key":"refg7\/ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2005.7.1553","volume":"11","author":"Bloch-Damti A.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox. Signal."},{"key":"refg8\/ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20110665"},{"key":"refg9\/ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.086314"},{"key":"refg10\/ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2010.00671.x"},{"key":"refg11\/ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/h11-154"},{"key":"refg12\/ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-12-136"},{"key":"refg13\/ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114508066774"},{"issue":"3","key":"refg14\/ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00252649","volume":"21","author":"DeFronzo R.A.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"refg15\/ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(01)00229-X"},{"key":"refg16\/ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2014.11.008"},{"key":"refg17\/ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(59)90090-6"},{"key":"refg18\/ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2013.11.010"},{"key":"refg19\/ref19","first-page":"570948","volume":"2012","author":"Gao H.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Evid. Based. Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"refg20\/ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-5996-4-16"},{"key":"refg21\/ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13105-014-0314-7"},{"key":"refg22\/ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-13-17"},{"key":"refg23\/ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11373-005-6733-2"},{"key":"refg24\/ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623308329288"},{"key":"refg25\/ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1652"},{"key":"refg26\/ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-007-1609-x"},{"key":"refg27\/ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-10-35"},{"key":"refg28\/ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2005.pto960102.x"},{"key":"refg29\/ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.12.024"},{"key":"refg30\/ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules14062016"},{"issue":"2","key":"refg31\/ref31","first-page":"130","volume":"21","author":"Kakkar P.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ind. J. Biochem. Biophys."},{"issue":"3","key":"refg32\/ref32","first-page":"R788","volume":"275","author":"Katakam P.V.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"refg33\/ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682673","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/682673","volume":"2013","author":"Khitan Z.","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"refg34\/ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20701"},{"issue":"6","key":"refg35\/ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.21.6.1051","volume":"21","author":"Kobayashi R.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"refg36\/ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu3110987"},{"key":"refg37\/ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI27989"},{"key":"refg38\/ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-9-67"},{"key":"refg39\/ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106993"},{"key":"refg40\/ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/y2012-068"},{"key":"refg41\/ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/549627"},{"key":"refg42\/ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.10-173716"},{"key":"refg43\/ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2012(07)18"},{"key":"refg44\/ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00471.2001"},{"key":"refg45\/ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2015-0002"},{"key":"refg46\/ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2008.09.011"},{"key":"refg47\/ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2011.09.006"},{"key":"refg48\/ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3"},{"key":"refg49\/ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2014.898078"},{"issue":"1","key":"refg50\/ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.01.036","volume":"98","author":"Oliveira F.A.","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"refg51\/ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6010355"},{"issue":"3","key":"refg52\/ref52","first-page":"S45","volume":"16","author":"Penicaud L.","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"refg53\/ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-014-0788-7"},{"key":"refg54\/ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2009.02.026"},{"key":"refg55\/ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2007.01.012"},{"key":"refg56\/ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-11-98"},{"key":"refg57\/ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786410802420416"},{"key":"refg58\/ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.12.025"},{"key":"refg59\/ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/jjp.74.297"},{"key":"refg60\/ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2010.02.014"},{"issue":"3","key":"refg61\/ref61","first-page":"160","volume":"38","author":"Tjokroprawiro A.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Med. Indones."},{"key":"refg62\/ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-009-0136-z"},{"key":"refg63\/ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-009-0184-4"},{"key":"refg64\/ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2013.53"}],"container-title":["Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1139\/apnm-2016-0088","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1139\/apnm-2016-0088","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T12:22:26Z","timestamp":1754482946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/10.1139\/apnm-2016-0088"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1139\/apnm-2016-0088"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/apnm-2016-0088","relation":{},"ISSN":["1715-5312","1715-5320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1715-5312","type":"print"},{"value":"1715-5320","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-02-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-08-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-09-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}