{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T07:16:36Z","timestamp":1767165396799,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cdnsciencepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The mammalian dive response (DR) is described as oxygen-conserving based on measures of bradycardia, peripheral vasoconstriction, and decreased ventilation (V\u0307\n                    <jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). Using a model of simulated diving, this study examined the effect of nonapnoeic facial submersions (NAFS) on oxygen consumption (V\u0307O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). 19 participants performed four 2-min NAFS with 8 min of rest between each. Two submersions were performed in 5 \u00b0C water, 2 in 25 \u00b0C water. Heart rate (HR) was collected using chest strap monitors. A tube connected to the inspired port of a non-rebreathing valve allowed participants to breathe during facial submersion. Expired air was directed to a metabolic cart to determine V\u0307O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and V\u0307\n                    <jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Baseline (BL) HR, V\u0307O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and V\u0307\n                    <jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>\n                    values were determined by the average during the 2 min prior to facial submersion; cold shock response (CSR) values were the maximum during the first 30 s of facial submersion; and NAFS values were the minimum during the last 90 s of facial submersion. A 2-way repeated-measures ANOVA indicated that both HR and V\u0307\n                    <jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>\n                    were greater during the CSR (92.5 \u00b1 3.6 beats\/min, 16.3 \u00b1 0.8 L\/min) compared with BL (78.9 \u00b1 3.2 beats\/min, 8.7 \u00b1 0.4 L\/min), while both were decreased from BL during the NAFS (60.0 \u00b1 4.0 beats\/min, 6.0 \u00b1 0.4 L\/min) (all, p &lt; 0.05). HR\n                    <jats:sub>CSR<\/jats:sub>\n                    was higher and HR\n                    <jats:sub>NAFS<\/jats:sub>\n                    lower in 5 \u00b0C versus 25 \u00b0C water (p &lt; 0.05), while V\u0307\n                    <jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>\n                    was greater in 5 \u00b0C conditions (p &lt; 0.05). V\u0307O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    exceeded BL during the CSR and decreased below BL during the NAFS (BL: 5.3 \u00b1 0.1, CSR: 9.8 \u00b1 0.4, NAFS: 3.1 \u00b1 0.2 mL\u00b7kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00b7min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , p &lt; 0.05). The data illustrate that NAFS alone contributes to the oxygen conservation associated with the human DR.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2016-0268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]],"date-time":"2016-08-04T17:55:36Z","timestamp":1470333336000},"page":"1171-1176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Is\n                    <i>V\u0307<\/i>\n                    O\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    supressed during nonapnoeic facial submersion?"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology, Gonzaga University, 502 E Boone Ave., Spokane, WA 99258, USA."},{"name":"Department of Human Physiology, Gonzaga University, 502 E Boone Ave., Spokane, WA 99258, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maggie R.","family":"Chamberlain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology, Gonzaga University, 502 E Boone Ave., Spokane, WA 99258, USA."},{"name":"Department of Human Physiology, Gonzaga University, 502 E Boone Ave., Spokane, WA 99258, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Musgrove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology, Gonzaga University, 502 E Boone Ave., Spokane, WA 99258, USA."},{"name":"Department of Human Physiology, Gonzaga University, 502 E Boone Ave., Spokane, WA 99258, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Partusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology, Gonzaga University, 502 E Boone Ave., Spokane, WA 99258, USA."},{"name":"Department of Human Physiology, Gonzaga University, 502 E Boone Ave., Spokane, WA 99258, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keagan R.J.","family":"Tice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology, Gonzaga University, 502 E Boone Ave., Spokane, WA 99258, USA."},{"name":"Department of Human Physiology, Gonzaga University, 502 E Boone Ave., Spokane, WA 99258, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David B.","family":"Thorp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology, Gonzaga University, 502 E Boone Ave., Spokane, WA 99258, USA."},{"name":"Department of Human Physiology, Gonzaga University, 502 E Boone Ave., Spokane, WA 99258, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp021076"},{"key":"refg2\/ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0b013e328344bcdc"},{"issue":"1","key":"refg3\/ref3","first-page":"21","volume":"25","author":"Andersson J.P.A.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Undersea Hyper. 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