{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:56:22Z","timestamp":1787165782876,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]],"date-time":"2017-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cdnsciencepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We examined whether waist circumference (WC) is associated with liver fat in black and white adolescents. Liver fat was measured using a 3T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H-MRS) in 152 overweight\/obese adolescents (94 black and 58 white, body mass index (BMI) \u226585th percentile, aged 12\u201318 years) without liver diseases or diabetes. WC was measured at the last rib. Total and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging, respectively. The proportion of fatty liver (defined as liver fat \u22655.0% by\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H-MRS) was lower (P &lt; 0.01) in black adolescents (5.3%) compared with their white peers (24.1%). Despite similar age, BMI, WC, and total adiposity (%), black adolescents had lower (P &lt; 0.01) VAT (59.0% vs. 81.3 cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), liver fat (1.6% vs. 3.5%), and alanine aminotransferase (17.2 vs. 22.0 IU\/L) compared with their white peers. Independent of race, WC was associated with liver fat (black, r = 0.43; white, r = 0.64) in a similar magnitude to the association between VAT and liver fat (black, r = 0.44; white, r = 0.51) and these findings remained significant after controlling for age, sex, Tanner stage, and total adiposity. In blacks, WC and sex (male) were independent (P &lt; 0.01) predictors of liver fat, explaining 17.1% and 5.6% of the variance, respectively, while in whites WC was the single best predictor, explaining 40.8% of the variance in liver fat. These findings suggest that enlarged WC is a marker of increased liver fat in overweight\/obese white and black adolescents.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2016-0410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,23]],"date-time":"2017-03-23T18:10:26Z","timestamp":1490292626000},"page":"829-833","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Waist circumference is associated with liver fat in black and white adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"SoJung","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Weight Management and Wellness, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA."},{"name":"Graduate School of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do, 446701, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Kuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Boesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, and Methodology, University of Bern, Bern, CH-3010, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silva","family":"Arslanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Weight Management and Wellness, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA."},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Mellitus, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17477160600913578"},{"key":"refg2\/ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.10.4.493"},{"key":"refg3\/ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb-2014-0064"},{"key":"refg4\/ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1301"},{"key":"refg5\/ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05488"},{"key":"refg6\/ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800624"},{"key":"refg7\/ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2588"},{"key":"refg8\/ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-6310.2011.00014.x"},{"key":"refg9\/ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2006.43"},{"key":"refg10\/ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2004.04.010"},{"key":"refg11\/ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.08.075"},{"key":"refg12\/ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.10.001"},{"key":"refg13\/ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2175"},{"key":"refg14\/ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-0214"},{"key":"refg15\/ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00285.2013"},{"key":"refg16\/ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2301021176"},{"key":"refg17\/ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000569"},{"key":"refg18\/ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1880050311"},{"key":"refg19\/ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23119"},{"key":"refg20\/ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01520.x"},{"key":"refg21\/ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00017.2006"},{"key":"refg22\/ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1832"},{"key":"refg23\/ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1212"},{"key":"refg24\/ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.739920"},{"key":"refg25\/ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00064.2004"},{"issue":"2","key":"refg26\/ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1981.tb06734.x","volume":"39","author":"Tanner J.M.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Nutr. 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