{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:27:07Z","timestamp":1790681227182,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cdnsciencepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> This study examined the effects of variations in air velocity on time to exhaustion and thermoregulatory and perceptual responses to exercise in a hot environment. Eight male volunteers completed stationary cycle exercise trials at 70% peak oxygen uptake until exhaustion in an environmental chamber maintained at 30 \u00b0C and 50% relative humidity. Four air velocity conditions, 30, 20, 10, and 0 km\/h, were tested, and the headwind was directed at the frontal aspect of the subject by 2 industrial fans, with blade diameters of 1 m and 0.5 m, set in series and positioned 3 m from the subject\u2019s chest. Mean \u00b1 SD time to exhaustion was 90 \u00b1 17, 73 \u00b1 16, 58 \u00b1 13, and 41 \u00b1 10 min in 30-, 20-, 10-, and 0-km\/h trials, respectively, and was different between all trials (P &lt; 0.05). There were progressive elevations in the rate of core temperature rise, mean skin temperature, and perceived thermal sensation as airflow decreases (P &lt; 0.05). Core temperature, heart rate, cutaneous vascular conductance, and perceived exertion were higher and evaporative heat loss was lower without airflow than at any given airflow (P &lt; 0.05). Dry heat loss and plasma volume were similar between trials (P &gt; 0.05). The present study demonstrated a progressive reduction in time to exhaustion as air velocity decreases. This response is associated with a faster rate of core temperature rise and a higher skin temperature and perceived thermal stress with decreasing airflow. Moreover, airflow greater than 10 km\/h (2.8 m\/s) might contribute to enhancing endurance exercise capacity and reducing thermoregulatory, cardiovascular, and perceptual strain during exercise in a hot environment. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2017-0448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,6]],"date-time":"2017-10-06T21:34:56Z","timestamp":1507325696000},"page":"131-138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Air velocity influences thermoregulation and endurance exercise capacity in the heat"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Hidenori","family":"Otani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Care Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, 7-2-1 Kamiono, Himeji, Hyogo 670-8524, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuharu","family":"Kaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hyogo University of Health Sciences, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Tamaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hyogo University of Health Sciences, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald J.","family":"Maughan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"refg2\/ref2","first-page":"377","volume":"14","author":"Borg G.A.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Med. 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