{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T05:40:00Z","timestamp":1791438000384,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cdnsciencepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examined the time course of recovery following resistance exercise sessions in the back squat, bench press, and deadlift. Twelve well-trained males (age: 24.5 \u00b1 3.8 years, body mass: 84.01 \u00b1 15.44 kg, training age: 7.1 \u00b1 4.2 years) performed 4 sets to failure at 80% of a 1-repetition maximum (1RM) on the squat, bench press, and deadlift in successive weeks. The bench press was always performed in week 2 with the squat and deadlift order counterbalanced between weeks 1 and 3. Indirect muscle damage and performance fatigue was assessed immediately before and after exercise and at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h postexercise. Outcome measures included limb swelling, joint range of motion, delayed onset muscle soreness, average concentric velocity (ACV) at 70% of 1RM, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and cell-free DNA (cfDNA). Most measures demonstrated a main time effect (p &lt; 0.05) within conditions; however, no between condition (p &gt; 0.05) differences existed. ACV decreased in the squat condition for up to 72 h (p = 0.02, \u20138.61%) and in the bench press (p &lt; 0.01, \u201326.69%) immediately postexercise but did not decline during the deadlift condition (p &gt; 0.05). There was a main time effect for increased cfDNA in the squat (p &lt; 0.01) and bench press (p &lt; 0.05), but not the deadlift (p = 0.153). Further, immediately postexercise increases in cfDNA were directly related (p &lt; 0.05) to changes in ACV in all 3 conditions. These results suggest that the deadlift does not result in greater muscle damage and recovery time than the squat and bench press following volume-type training in well-trained men. Further, acute changes in cfDNA may predict performance during the recovery period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2019-0004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]],"date-time":"2019-02-19T16:39:55Z","timestamp":1550594395000},"page":"1033-1042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Time course of recovery is similar for the back squat, bench press, and deadlift in well-trained males"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Belcher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colby A.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph P.","family":"Carzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trevor K.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric R.","family":"Helms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), AUT University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nishant P.","family":"Visavadiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert F.","family":"Zoeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Whitehurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Zourdos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2017-0421"},{"key":"refg2\/ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barnes, M.J., Miller, A., Reeve, D., and Stewart, R.J. 2017. 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