{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T13:29:26Z","timestamp":1758806966562,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Joint Program Committee-5\/Military Operational Medicine Research Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cdnsciencepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Wet clothing is less insulative than dry clothing and consequently increases heat loss in cold air. Tactical necessity can render removal of wet clothing impossible and\/or require Warfighters to remain static to avoid detection, limiting heat production and posing a threat of hypothermia (core temperature\u00a0&lt;35\u00a0\u00b0C). This study aimed to characterize body temperatures and evaluate hypothermia risk while statically exposed to 5\u00a0\u00b0C air wearing three wet military uniforms. Further, low-speed loaded walking was evaluated as a strategy to raise end-static temperatures. Twelve adults (11\u00a0M, 1\u00a0F) randomly completed three wet-cold trials wearing either the Improved Hot Weather Combat Uniform (IHWCU), Army Combat Uniform (ACU), or ACU with silk-weight base layer (ACU+). Each trial involved 180\u2009min of cold air (5.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.3\u00a0\u00b0C, 0.8\u2009m\u00b7s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) exposure after a clothed 2\u2009min head-out immersion (34.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.2\u00a0\u00b0C). Volunteers were static for 60\u2009min followed by 120\u2009min of walking with a rucksack. Rectal temperature ( T<jats:sub>re<\/jats:sub>) area under the curve did not differ among the three wet uniforms when static ( p\u00a0=\u00a00.431) with T<jats:sub>re<\/jats:sub> increasing, rather than decreasing, across the 60\u2009min (IHWCU: +0.26\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.19\u00a0\u00b0C, ACU: +0.37\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.21\u00a0\u00b0C, ACU+: +0.36\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.20\u00a0\u00b0C). Hypothermia risk with 60\u2009min static wet-cold exposure therefore appears minimal, regardless of the military uniform worn, in an otherwise low stress cohort. End-static finger temperatures (IHWCU: 9.48\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.30\u00a0\u00b0C, ACU: 9.99\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.82\u00a0\u00b0C, ACU+: 9.27\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.66\u00a0\u00b0C, p\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.999) were reduced by \u223c20\u201323\u00a0\u00b0C posing a considerable dexterity concern. Heat production of \u223c210\u2009W\u00b7m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> appeared sufficient to begin to reverse negative cumulative heat storage and initiate slight elevations of rectal and peripheral temperatures, although finger temperatures increased\u00a0&lt;2\u00a0\u00b0C after 120\u2009min. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05409937. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2024-0180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T21:36:06Z","timestamp":1726263366000},"page":"1763-1772","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Wet military uniforms pose low risk of hypothermia while static in mild cold air"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3514-1423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Afton D.","family":"Seeley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine","place":["Natick, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phillip O.","family":"Bodurtha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine","place":["Natick, USA"]},{"name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education","place":["Oak Ridge, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Greenfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine","place":["Natick, USA"]},{"name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education","place":["Oak Ridge, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dina M.","family":"Pitsas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine","place":["Natick, USA"]},{"name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education","place":["Oak Ridge, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MariaLena A.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine","place":["Natick, USA"]},{"name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education","place":["Oak Ridge, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron R.","family":"Caldwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine","place":["Natick, USA"]},{"name":"University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest","place":["Springdale, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Billie K.","family":"Alba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine","place":["Natick, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Castellani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine","place":["Natick, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine","place":["Natick, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139408964916"},{"key":"refg2\/ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1987.62.4.1627"},{"key":"refg3\/ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/9.3.261"},{"key":"refg4\/ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/162.12.788"},{"key":"refg5\/ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.90.3.939"},{"key":"refg6\/ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2021.104892"},{"key":"refg7\/ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2023.103477"},{"key":"refg8\/ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0044644"},{"key":"refg9\/ref9","unstructured":"Department\u00a0of the\u00a0Army. 2005. 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