{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T12:32:31Z","timestamp":1785933151069,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]],"date-time":"2018-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cdnsciencepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biochem. Cell Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Owing to their central nervous system impairments, children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) commonly exhibit externalizing behaviours such as hyperactivity, impulsivity, and (or) delinquency. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders with prominent externalizing behaviours, namely Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Conduct Disorder (CD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), as well as Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) among children with FASD. A comprehensive systematic literature search was performed, followed by disorder-specific random-effects meta-analyses. Of the disorders investigated, ADHD was found to be the most common co-morbid disorder among children with FASD (52.9%), followed by ODD (12.9%), CD (7.0%), and ASD (2.6%). When compared with the general population of the USA, these rates are notably higher: 15 times higher for ADHD, 2 times higher for ASD, 3 times higher for CD, and 5 times higher for ODD. The results call attention to the need for identifying a distinct neurodevelopmental profile to aid in the accurate identification of children with FASD and the discrimination of FASD from certain idiopathic neurodevelopmental disorders. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb-2017-0014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,18]],"date-time":"2017-05-18T21:43:15Z","timestamp":1495143795000},"page":"241-251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Prevalence of externalizing disorders and Autism Spectrum Disorders among children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Shannon","family":"Lange","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada."},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King\u2019s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Rehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada."},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King\u2019s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada."},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada."},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy & Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Chemnitzer Strasse 46, D-01187 Dresden, Germany."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evdokia","family":"Anagnostou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King\u2019s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada."},{"name":"Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital Research Institute, 150 Kilgour Road, East York, ON M4G 1R8, Canada."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Popova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada."},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King\u2019s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada."},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada."},{"name":"Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. 2013. 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