{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:26:12Z","timestamp":1791300372905,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]],"date-time":"2018-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cdnsciencepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biochem. Cell Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Alcohol use during pregnancy is an established cause of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), with heavy drinking during pregnancy being explicitly linked to fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). This paper presents recent estimates of the prevalence of: (i) any amount of alcohol use during pregnancy; (ii) one or more binge drinking episode(s) (4 or more standard drinks on a single occasion) during pregnancy; (iii) FAS; and (iv) FASD among the general population globally and by World Health Organization region. It is apparent, based on the presented estimates, that alcohol use and binge drinking occur frequently among pregnant women in many countries and as a result, FASD is a prevalent alcohol-related developmental disability. Urgent action is required around the globe to eliminate prenatal alcohol exposure and prevent future children, adolescents, and adults from having FASD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb-2017-0077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]],"date-time":"2017-08-23T17:35:06Z","timestamp":1503509706000},"page":"237-240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"title":["Global prevalence of alcohol use and binge drinking during pregnancy, and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Popova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada."},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada."},{"name":"Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4, Canada."},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King\u2019s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada."},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King\u2019s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Probst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada."},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy & Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Chemnitzer Strasse 46, 01187 Dresden, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerrit","family":"Gmel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada."},{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Rehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada."},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada."},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King\u2019s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada."},{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh034"},{"key":"refg2\/ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.1040302"},{"key":"refg3\/ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39363-1"},{"key":"refg4\/ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh259"},{"key":"refg5\/ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-4256"},{"key":"refg6\/ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200009000-00005"},{"key":"refg7\/ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/155.4.305"},{"key":"refg8\/ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-14-127"},{"key":"refg9\/ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.11.007"},{"key":"refg10\/ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(03)00003-3"},{"key":"refg11\/ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03050.x"},{"key":"refg12\/ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30021-9"},{"issue":"11","key":"refg13\/ref13","first-page":"877","volume":"98","author":"Urban M.","year":"2008","journal-title":"S. 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