{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:06:12Z","timestamp":1790787972132,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":165,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]],"date-time":"2018-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cdnsciencepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biochem. Cell Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Alcohol consumption during pregnancy remains a significant cause of preventable birth defects and developmental disabilities; however, the mechanism of toxicity remains unclear. Methanol is present as a congener in many alcoholic beverages and is formed endogenously. Because ethanol is preferentially metabolized over methanol, it has been found in the sera and cerebro-spinal fluid of alcoholics. Toxicity resulting from methanol has been attributed to formic acid. Formic acid is present in significantly higher quantities in the biofluids of alcoholics. These higher levels can be cytotoxic and cause neuronal cell death. However, the adverse effects can be mitigated by adequate levels of hepatic folic acid, because formic acid elimination depends on folic acid. During pregnancy, folate concentrations are at least 2-fold higher in cord blood then in maternal blood, owing to increased folate requirements. The reverse has been demonstrated in pregnancies with alcohol abuse, suggesting downregulation of folate transporters and low fetal folate levels. Moreover, formic acid can cross the placenta and its adverse effects can be mitigated by folic acid. Thus, the combination of low fetal folate levels and presence of formic acid form a potent cytotoxic combination that may play a significant role in the etiology of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb-2017-0079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,9]],"date-time":"2017-08-09T21:36:05Z","timestamp":1502314565000},"page":"189-197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["FASD: folic acid and formic acid \u2014 an unholy alliance in the alcohol abusing mother"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Bhushan M.","family":"Kapur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Baber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.162356199"},{"key":"refg2\/ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10915810490265450"},{"key":"refg3\/ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(94)90113-9"},{"issue":"12","key":"refg4\/ref4","first-page":"2114","volume":"47","author":"Auwarter V.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Segmental hair analysis of alcoholics, social drinkers, and teetotalers. 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