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In animal models, variables such as nutrition, genetic background, health, other drugs, and stress, as well as dosage, duration, and gestational timing of exposure to alcohol can all be controlled in a way that is not possible in a clinical situation. In this review we examine mouse models of PAE and focus on those with demonstrated craniofacial malformations, abnormal brain development, or behavioral phenotypes that may be considered FASD-like outcomes. Analysis of these data should provide a valuable tool for researchers wishing to choose the PAE model best suited to their research questions or to investigate established PAE models for FASD comorbidities. It should also allow recognition of patterns linking gestational timing, dosage, and duration of PAE, such as recognizing that binge alcohol exposure(s) during early gestation can lead to severe FASD outcomes. Identified patterns could be particularly insightful and lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying FASD. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb-2017-0280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,25]],"date-time":"2018-01-25T22:33:57Z","timestamp":1516919637000},"page":"131-147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE): insights into FASD using mouse models of PAE"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Berardino","family":"Petrelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics; Regenerative Medicine Program, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Weinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, UBC Institute of Mental Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey G.","family":"Hicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics; Regenerative Medicine Program, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12936"},{"issue":"3","key":"refg2\/ref2","first-page":"164","volume":"78","author":"Abdelrahman A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ulster Med. 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