{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T15:28:20Z","timestamp":1781537300807,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cdnsciencepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biochem. Cell Biol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Background: Imbalanced immune response and hepatic fibrosis are key factors related to the progression of chronic liver diseases. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a natural alkaloid, has been widely used for treating liver injury. In this study, we explored the effect of TMP on hepatic fibrosis and the related mechanisms regulating autophagy. Methods: A rat model of hepatic fibrosis and a model using an hepatic stellate cell line (HSC-T6) were created using CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Staining with haematoxylin and eosin (HE), Masson\u2019s stain, and TUNEL were performed for pathological diagnosis. ELISA, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence analyses were conducted to determine the expression levels of the specific markers for fibrosis, autophagy, inflammation, and signalling pathways. Results: TMP treatment significantly rescued pathological injury and hepatic fibrosis. It also alleviated imbalances in the immune system, accumulation of extracellular matrix, and autophagy signals in hepatic fibrosis. At the same time, we found that application of the autophagy inducer rapamycin enhanced the therapeutic effect of TMP, whereas the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine, PI3K pathway inhibitor LY294002, and AKT pathway agonist SC79 did the opposite. Conclusions: TMP exerts therapeutic effects in hepatic fibrosis mainly through promoting autophagy to ameliorate inflammation by inhibiting the AKT\u2013mTOR signalling pathway, providing a new perspective for the treatment of chronic liver diseases. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb-2019-0059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T13:42:22Z","timestamp":1588945342000},"page":"327-337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Tetramethylpyrazine ameliorates hepatic fibrosis through autophagy-mediated inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Zhigao","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, P.R. China."},{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huizhao","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, P.R. China."},{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonglian","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, P.R. 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