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Here, we present a retrospective pilot study on women affected from IC\/PBS and treated with bovine lactoferrin (bLf). A total of 31 women, affected (20) or unaffected (11) from hereditary thrombophilia (HT), presented the median of 6 episodes of IC\/PBS during the 6 months before the study. Treatment consisted of 17 weeks of orally administered Valpalf<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> capsules, containing bLf plus sodium bicarbonate and citrate. Out of 31 patients, only 3 women had one episode of IC\/PBS during the follow-up period, while no episode was observed in 28 women. In the HT group, a significant decrease in both serum IL-6 and D-dimers was found after Valpalf<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> treatment. Moreover, in Valpalf<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>-treated women, cystoscopy revealed a global improvement in the appearance of the bladder, especially in term of inflammation\/irritation and presence of Hunner ulcers. Even if our results must be corroborated by randomized double-blinded controlled trials on a larger number of patients, our observations indicate that bLf treatment is efficient in relieving IC\/PBS symptoms, without side effects. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb-2024-0036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T21:36:42Z","timestamp":1722548202000},"page":"506-514","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lactoferrin in the treatment of interstitial cystitis: a retrospective pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1252-6080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Rosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapienza University of Rome","place":["Rome, 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