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In the present study, the effect of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) and virginiamycin (VIRG) on cecal microbial ecology and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens raised under suboptimal conditions was evaluated. MOS and VIRG induced different bacterial community structures, as revealed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rDNA. The antibiotic treatment reduced cecal microbial diversity while the community equitability increased. A higher bacterial diversity was observed in the cecum of MOS-supplemented birds. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction results indicated that MOS changed the cecal microbiota in favor of the Firmicutes population but not the Bacteroidetes population. No difference was observed in total bacterial counts among treatments. MOS promoted the growth of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. in the cecum and increased villus height and goblet cell numbers in the ileum and jejunum. These results provide a deeper insight into the microbial ecological changes after supplementation of MOS prebiotic in poultry diets. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/cjm-2013-0899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T10:46:30Z","timestamp":1395312390000},"page":"255-266","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Effects of mannan oligosaccharide and virginiamycin on the cecal microbial community and intestinal morphology of chickens raised under suboptimal conditions"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Pourabedin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Que., Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengxin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bushansingh","family":"Baurhoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belisle Solution and Nutrition Inc., Saint-Mathias-sur-Richelieu, Que., Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Chevaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lallemand Animal Nutrition, Milwaukee, Wis., USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Que., Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/WPS20040017"},{"key":"refg2\/ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01432-07"},{"key":"refg3\/ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/86.6.1070"},{"key":"refg4\/ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2008-00562"},{"key":"refg5\/ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030323"},{"key":"refg6\/ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00093-07"},{"key":"refg7\/ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2690"},{"key":"refg8\/ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2008-00107"},{"issue":"12","key":"refg9\/ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3035","DOI":"10.2527\/2003.81123035x","volume":"81","author":"Collier C.","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. 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