{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T01:09:57Z","timestamp":1790471397264,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cdnsciencepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Microbiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis activates the host cell apoptosis pathway at a late stage of its developmental cycle. However, whether caspase-3, which is a key enzyme of apoptosis, is activated in Chlamydia-infected cells remains unknown. Here, we established HEp-2 cells stably expressing cFluc-DEVD, which is a caspase-3 substrate sequence inserted into cyclic firefly luciferase, and then monitored the dynamics of caspase-3 activity in cells infected with Chlamydia. Transfected cells without infection showed a significant increase in luciferase activity due to stimulation with staurosporine, an inducer of apoptosis. Activation was significantly blocked by addition of caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk. Furthermore, as expected, Chlamydia infection caused a significant increase in luciferase activation at 36\u201348 h postinfection with a contrastive decrease at 24 h postinfection, which is already well known. Such activation caused by the infection was much stronger when the amount of bacteria was increased. Thus, caspase-3 activation was accurately monitored by the luciferase activity in HEp-2 cells constitutively expressing the cFluc-DEVD probe. Furthermore, our data showed that C. trachomatis activates caspase-3 in host cells at a late stage of infection. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/cjm-2018-0408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]],"date-time":"2018-10-18T21:37:19Z","timestamp":1539898639000},"page":"135-143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Activation of caspase-3 during <i>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/i>-induced apoptosis at a late stage"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Junji","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanae","family":"Haga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Response and Regulation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kent","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torahiko","family":"Okubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeaki","family":"Ozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michitaka","family":"Ozaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Response and Regulation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a010256"},{"key":"refg2\/ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01267-10"},{"key":"refg3\/ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.3.1861-1864.2005"},{"key":"refg4\/ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.30"},{"key":"refg5\/ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.2.1257"},{"key":"refg6\/ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.21465"},{"key":"refg7\/ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040402"},{"key":"refg8\/ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2007.00981.x"},{"key":"refg9\/ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-014-0330-3"},{"key":"refg10\/ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.147"},{"key":"refg11\/ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2017.44"},{"key":"refg12\/ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.07.004"},{"key":"refg13\/ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200700538"},{"key":"refg14\/ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2010.06.007"},{"key":"refg15\/ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00035-15"},{"key":"refg16\/ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000774"},{"key":"refg17\/ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4220","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.8.4220","volume":"161","author":"Ojcius D.M.","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. 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