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In this study we assess the sensitivity of Campylobacter fetus, a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen of humans and animals, to ZnO nanoparticles and determine whether the S layer protects C. fetus from the antibacterial action of these nanoparticles. Broth and agar dilution assays revealed that ZnO nanoparticles at 100 \u03bcg\/mL were bacteriocidal for C. fetus. Resazurin reduction assays confirmed the absence of metabolic activity, indicating that C. fetus cells had not entered into a viable but nonculturable state. Photoactivation of ZnO nanoparticles greatly enhanced their antibacterial activity, as evidenced by minimum bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) values decreasing to 16\u201362.5 \u03bcg\/mL as a function of strain. MBC assays completed in the presence and absence of catalase revealed that H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, a product of ZnO nanoparticle photoactivation, contributed to C. fetus but not to C. jejuni cell death. S-layer-expressing C. fetus strains were more resistant to H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-mediated cell killing than were isogenic S-layer-deficient strains. These data indicate that C. fetus is sensitive to the antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles and that the C. fetus S layer imparts protection against photoactivated nanoparticles. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/cjm-2018-0451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]],"date-time":"2019-03-13T21:39:33Z","timestamp":1552513173000},"page":"450-460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The <i>Campylobacter fetus<\/i> S layer provides resistance to photoactivated zinc oxide nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"L.L.","family":"Graham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada."},{"name":"Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.E.","family":"Feero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada."},{"name":"Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2001.02431.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"refg2\/ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.55.4.684-705.1991","volume":"55","author":"Beveridge T.J.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Microbiol. 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