{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:28:34Z","timestamp":1792787314076,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/deed.en_GB"}],"funder":[{"name":"Genomics Research and Development Initiative","award":["GRDI-AMR2-One"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRDI-AMR2-One"]}]},{"name":"Genomics Research and Development Initiative","award":["Health"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Health"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011094","name":"Public Health Agency of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011094","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cdnsciencepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Microbiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Community-associated Clostridioides difficile infections (CA-CDI) remain a concern in Canada, comprising a quarter of cases previously reported through the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program. Previous Canadian studies have reported toxigenic C. difficile isolated from Canadian retail meat, suggesting that it may be a source of exposure for CA-CDI in Canada. In this study, 3\/219 (1.4%) of retail pork and 0\/99 (0%) of retail beef samples tested positive for toxigenic C. difficile, which were molecularly characterized by PCR ribotyping and whole-genome sequencing. All three isolates were obtained from pork and belonged to sequence types (STs)\/ribotypes (RTs) that have previously been isolated from human clinical CA-CDI cases in Canada: ST1\/RT027, ST8\/RT002, and ST10\/RT015. Retail meat isolates were susceptible to the antimicrobials tested, save one isolate with intermediate resistance to clindamycin. Genomic comparison to Canadian human clinical CA-CDI isolates with the same corresponding ST\/RT types showed two of the three pork isolates clustered with CA-CDI isolates via core-genome multilocus sequencing typing, with single nucleotide variant (SNV) analysis showing further genomic relatedness of 2-11 SNVs. Retail meat may therefore be a low source of CA-CDI exposure in Canada, with the potential for foodborne transmission of select clones.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/cjm-2024-0193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T16:36:56Z","timestamp":1740501416000},"page":"1-7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Surveillance of\n                    <i>Clostridioides difficile<\/i>\n                    in Canadian retail meat and genomic linkages to community-associated human clinical infections in Canada"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Paula E.","family":"Pidsadny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manitoba","place":["Winnipeg, Canada"]},{"name":"National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada","place":["Winnipeg, 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