{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:38:49Z","timestamp":1792798729593,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services","award":["75N93021C00016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N93021C00016"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043z4tv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act"},{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/035a68863","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004887","name":"Illinois Department of Natural Resources","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004887","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cdnsciencepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Microbiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Clade 2.3.4.4b Eurasian-origin H5N1 entered North America in late 2021 and spread across the continent. While studies have characterized the antibody response mounted by dabbling ducks following exposure, little data are available for diving ducks. This study sought to identify influenza A virus (IAV) infection and antibodies in Lesser and Greater Scaup captured in Maryland, Illinois, and Rhode Island. In Maryland, IAV seroprevalence increased from the 2021\/2022 to 2022\/2023 sampling season, with IAV antibody prevalence increasing for juvenile (38%\u201380%) and adult (82%\u201390%) Lesser Scaup. While adult Lesser Scaup sampled in Illinois in 2021\/2022 had IAV antibody prevalence comparable to those sampled in Maryland (76% and 82%, respectively), they had higher antibody prevalence to both H5 (48% and 18%) and N1 (68% and 35%), potentially due to being sampled in March versus December and January. Our data suggest that Lesser Scaup had limited antibodies to highly pathogenic H5 IAV prior to the introduction of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 to North America, but relevant antibodies were widely observed in the months and year following. Our more limited data suggest similar trends may have occurred in Greater Scaup as well.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/cjm-2025-0176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T21:36:45Z","timestamp":1763069805000},"page":"1-6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Rapid increase in antibodies to influenza A virus H5 and N1 in Lesser Scaup (\n                    <i>Aythya affinis<\/i>\n                    ) following the introduction of 2.3.4.4b H5N1 into North America"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9242-2432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffery D.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center","place":["Laurel, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8087-3295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"Poulson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study","place":["Athens, USA"]},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health, The University of Georgia","place":["Athens, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenn H.","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center","place":["Laurel, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia M.","family":"Berlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center","place":["Laurel, 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