{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T11:19:21Z","timestamp":1788261561032,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RGPIN-2025-06677"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2025-06677"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Texas A&M AgriLife Institute for Advancing Health Through Agriculture"},{"name":"Undergraduate Student Research Awards"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Sainte-Anne Research Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cdnsciencepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Microbiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Gulls ( Larus spp.) are key reservoirs and vectors of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We characterized extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) and plasmid-mediated AmpC-producing Escherichia coli from Great Black-backed ( Larus marinus) and American Herring ( Larus smithsonianus) gulls in Nova Scotia, Canada. From 100 fecal samples collected from gulls visiting three fish-processing plants, 34 cefotaxime-resistant isolates were recovered: 29 ESBL and 5 AmpC producers. Detected \u03b2-lactamases included bla\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    ( n\u00a0=\u00a012), bla\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-55<\/jats:sub>\n                    ( n\u00a0=\u00a012), bla\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n                    ( n\u00a0=\u00a02), bla\n                    <jats:sub>CMY-2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ( n\u00a0=\u00a04), bla\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-15\u00a0<\/jats:sub>\n                    +\u00a0 bla\n                    <jats:sub>TEM-1b<\/jats:sub>\n                    ( n\u00a0=\u00a01), bla\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-55\u00a0<\/jats:sub>\n                    +\u00a0 bla\n                    <jats:sub>TEM-1b<\/jats:sub>\n                    ( n\u00a0=\u00a01), bla\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-55\u00a0<\/jats:sub>\n                    +\u00a0 bla\n                    <jats:sub>TEM-1B\u00a0<\/jats:sub>\n                    +\u00a0 bla\n                    <jats:sub>LAP-2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ( n\u00a0=\u00a01), and bla\n                    <jats:sub>CMY-2\u00a0<\/jats:sub>\n                    +\u00a0 bla\n                    <jats:sub>TEM-1c<\/jats:sub>\n                    ( n\u00a0=\u00a01). Additional resistance genes conferred resistance to sulfonamides ( sul2\/ sul3), trimethoprim ( dfrA14\/ dfrA17), tetracyclines ( tet( A)\/ tet( B)), aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol ( floR), macrolides ( mph( A)), lincosamides ( lnu( F)), and quinolones ( qnrS), complemented by chromosomal mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE. The isolates represented phylogroups A ( n\u00a0=\u00a09), B1 ( n\u00a0=\u00a019), and D ( n\u00a0=\u00a06), and high-risk sequence types including ST155 ( n\u00a0=\u00a012), ST744 ( n\u00a0=\u00a07), ST224 ( n\u00a0=\u00a04), and ST648 ( n\u00a0=\u00a03). Plasmid analysis revealed a high replicon burden (\u22653 in 70.6% of isolates), primarily IncFIB (70.6%), Col (58.8%), and IncI (50.0%). Key virulence factors detected were fimH (97.1%), lpfA (73.5%), fyuA (47.1%), and iss (38.2%). These results demonstrate that synanthropic gulls in Atlantic Canada carry multidrug-resistant ESBL\/AmpC E. coli from globally significant clones, underscoring the role of these birds in dissemination of antimicrobial resistance within a One Health context.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/cjm-2025-0240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T22:00:03Z","timestamp":1776808803000},"page":"1-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Gulls as reservoirs and vectors of high-risk, multidrug-resistant\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    in Atlantic Canada: emergence of CMY-2-producing ST648"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4238-1588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rym Ben","family":"Sallem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Sainte-Anne","place":["Pointe-de-l'\u00c9glise, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oussama","family":"Bouallegue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Sainte-Anne","place":["Pointe-de-l'\u00c9glise, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talia","family":"Quinlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Sainte-Anne","place":["Pointe-de-l'\u00c9glise, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micheline","family":"Theriault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Sainte-Anne","place":["Pointe-de-l'\u00c9glise, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammadi","family":"Kaouass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Sainte-Anne","place":["Pointe-de-l'\u00c9glise, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawn","family":"Craik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Sainte-Anne","place":["Pointe-de-l'\u00c9glise, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carleton University","place":["Ottawa, Canada"]},{"name":"Institute for Advancing Health Through Agriculture, Texas A&M AgriLife","place":["College Station, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25474-w"},{"key":"refg2\/ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144551"},{"key":"refg3\/ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8101487"},{"key":"refg4\/ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110086"},{"key":"refg5\/ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-015-0718-0"},{"issue":"3","key":"refg6\/ref6","first-page":"137","volume":"66","author":"Allen K.J.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can. 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