{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T12:28:47Z","timestamp":1793622527784,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/deed.en_GB"}],"funder":[{"name":"Government of Canada","award":["project"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["project"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/010q4q527","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Government of Canada","award":["GRDI-AMR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRDI-AMR"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/010q4q527","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Government of Canada","award":["One"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["One"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/010q4q527","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Government of Canada","award":["Health"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Health"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/010q4q527","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cdnsciencepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Microbiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Salmonella enterica is an important zoonotic pathogen affecting animal and human health. Using a One Health approach, we conducted a comparative genomic analysis of S. enterica recovered within a restricted peri-urban region in Western Canada consisting of six dairy farms, an organic poultry farm, surrounding environments, and municipal wastewater. Overall, Salmonella prevalence was low, with 34 of 1004 samples (3.4%) testing positive and representing 11 serovars. Antimicrobial resistance was limited: all isolates were susceptible to 12 of 14 antimicrobials tested, with resistance detected only to streptomycin (35%) and tetracycline (12%). Although all isolates carried the cryptic aminoglycoside resistance gene aac( 6\u2032) -Iaa and 65% harboured the parC T57S mutation, neither determinant was associated with phenotypic resistance. Serovar Kentucky was the most widely distributed, occurring in dairy, poultry, and environmental samples. Plasmid profiles indicated genomic linkages among isolates from dairy farms, poultry, and the environment. Phylogenomic analyses revealed genetic similarities across animal and environmental sectors, while comparison with publicly available S. enterica ser. Enteritidis genomes identified a potential linkages between poultry and dairy production systems. These findings highlight the low prevalence of Salmonella in the study region and the value of One Health surveillance for identifying reservoirs, transmission pathways, and opportunities to strengthen biosecurity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/cjm-2026-0143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T21:35:39Z","timestamp":1791322539000},"page":"1-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A One Health genomic assessment of\n                    <i>Salmonella enterica<\/i>\n                    across dairy, poultry, and environmental reservoirs in British Columbia, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2240-3180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandeep","family":"Tamber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Microbial and Toxicological Food Safety, Health Canada","place":["Ottawa, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawn","family":"Hoogstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agassiz Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","place":["Agassiz, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassandra","family":"Klaas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agassiz Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","place":["Agassiz, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Flint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Microbial and Toxicological Food Safety, Health Canada","place":["Ottawa, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Weedmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Microbial and Toxicological Food Safety, Health Canada","place":["Ottawa, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Microbial and Toxicological Food Safety, Health Canada","place":["Ottawa, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Mahoney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agassiz Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","place":["Agassiz, Canada"]},{"name":"Dalhousie University","place":["Halifax, Canada"]},{"name":"Dalhousie University","place":["Halifax, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniella","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada","place":["Guelph, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Reid-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada","place":["Guelph, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6978-7604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rhiannon","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agassiz Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","place":["Agassiz, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168-1605(97)01245-2"},{"key":"refg2\/ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/206579a0"},{"key":"refg3\/ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.590303"},{"key":"refg4\/ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.10873"},{"key":"refg5\/ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa345"},{"key":"refg6\/ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2024-25710"},{"key":"refg7\/ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.663731"},{"key":"refg8\/ref8","volume-title":"Antibiotics","author":"Chicken farmers of Canada"},{"key":"refg9\/ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.10.2619-2622.1996"},{"key":"refg10\/ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2019.106899"},{"key":"refg11\/ref11","volume-title":"CLSI Document M100-S25","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2015"},{"key":"refg12\/ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00549"},{"key":"refg13\/ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku1196"},{"key":"refg14\/ref14","volume-title":"InterJournal Complex Systems: 1695","author":"Cs\u00e1rdi G.","year":"2006"},{"key":"refg15\/ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2093"},{"key":"refg16\/ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028x-70.6.1316"},{"key":"refg17\/ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.13200"},{"key":"refg18\/ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268231"},{"key":"refg19\/ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2025.9237"},{"key":"refg20\/ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003829"},{"key":"refg21\/ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.799622"},{"key":"refg22\/ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2023-23937"},{"key":"refg23\/ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2011.0064"},{"key":"refg24\/ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(19)30418-9"},{"key":"refg25\/ref25","volume-title":"Categorization of antimicrobial drugs based on importance in human medicine","author":"Government of Canada","year":"2009"},{"key":"refg26\/ref26","volume-title":"Yearly food-borne illness estimates for Canada","author":"Government of Canada","year":"2016"},{"key":"refg27\/ref27","volume-title":"Canadian integrated program for antimicrobial resistance surveillance (CIPARS): 2022 poultry industry report","author":"Government of Canada","year":"2023"},{"key":"refg28\/ref28","volume-title":"Canadian integrated program for antimicrobial resistance surveillance (CIPARS) 2022 executive summary: key and integrated findings","author":"Government of Canada","year":"2024"},{"key":"refg29\/ref29","volume-title":"National enteric surveillance program (NESP) annual summary 2022","author":"Government of Canada","year":"2024"},{"key":"refg30\/ref30","volume-title":"Antimicrobial resistance and animals\u2014actions","author":"Government of Canada","year":"2024"},{"key":"refg31\/ref31","volume-title":"Canadian integrated program for antimicrobial resistance surveillance (CIPARS) 2023 broiler chickens report","author":"Government of Canada","year":"2024"},{"key":"refg32\/ref32","volume-title":"National enteric surveillance program (NESP) annual summary 2024","author":"Government of Canada","year":"2026"},{"key":"refg33\/ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00102"},{"key":"refg34\/ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01648-08"},{"key":"refg35\/ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0737682100"},{"key":"refg36\/ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.06.007"},{"key":"refg37\/ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268824001705"},{"key":"refg38\/ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12070758"},{"key":"refg39\/ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01905-25"},{"key":"refg40\/ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028x-51.1.47"},{"key":"refg41\/ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/650733"},{"key":"refg42\/ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01030-16"},{"key":"refg43\/ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-019-1520-9"},{"key":"refg44\/ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaa015"},{"key":"refg45\/ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268806006698"},{"key":"refg46\/ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-0997-x"},{"key":"refg47\/ref47","volume-title":"ggraph: An implementation of grammar of graphics for graphs and networks","author":"Pedersen T.L.","year":"2025"},{"key":"refg48\/ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jdsc.2022-0305"},{"key":"refg49\/ref49","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2025"},{"key":"refg50\/ref50","volume-title":"CIPARS farm surveillance component: dairy cattle","author":"Rizzo D.","year":"2024"},{"key":"refg51\/ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000206"},{"key":"refg52\/ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.001002"},{"key":"refg53\/ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00009-16"},{"key":"refg54\/ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msg074"},{"key":"refg55\/ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix959"},{"key":"refg56\/ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/1040841x.2013.837862"},{"key":"refg57\/ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00877-3"},{"key":"refg58\/ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-018-1540-z"},{"key":"refg59\/ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v47i56a03"},{"key":"refg60\/ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-4493"},{"key":"refg61\/ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnw009"},{"key":"refg62\/ref62","volume-title":"NARMS Now","author":"U.S Food &amp; Drug Administration","year":"2025"},{"key":"refg63\/ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2008\/021667-0"},{"key":"refg64\/ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112963"},{"key":"refg65\/ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-019-0272-8"},{"key":"refg66\/ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147101"},{"key":"refg67\/ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00791-06"},{"key":"refg68\/ref68","volume-title":"scatterpie: Scatter Pie Plot","author":"Yu G.","year":"2025"},{"key":"refg69\/ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9754"},{"key":"refg70\/ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10010077"},{"key":"refg71\/ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae968"},{"key":"refg72\/ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.251678.119"},{"key":"refg73\/ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btab234"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1139\/cjm-2026-0143","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1139\/cjm-2026-0143","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T12:00:30Z","timestamp":1793620830000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/10.1139\/cjm-2026-0143"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["10.1139\/cjm-2026-0143"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/cjm-2026-0143","relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-4166","1480-3275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-4166","type":"print"},{"value":"1480-3275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-11-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}