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The group allotment for the animals used in the hepatoprotective study included a vehicle treatment group, CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>(1 mL\u00b7(kg body mass)<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>) treatment group, silymarin (100 \u03bcg\u00b7(kg body mass)<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>\u00b7day<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>) + CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>treatment group, and groups treated with different doses of azadirachtin-A (100 or 200 \u03bcg\u00b7(kg body mass)<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>\u00b7day<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>) + CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>. On the 9th day, blood was obtained for measuring the biochemical parameters, and liver tissue was obtained for pathological examination. The acute toxicity test with azadirachtin-A (500, 1000, or 2000 \u03bcg\u00b7(kg body mass)<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) indicated no mortality after 14 days of treatment; further, there was no change in behavior, food consumption, or organ mass. However with the higher dose, some hematological parameters showed changes. Hepatoprotective studies revealed that the CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>treatment group exhibited a decrease in total protein and albumin levels, whereas a significant increase in BUN, AST, ALT, and ALP levels were noticed compared with the vehicle-treated control, indicating that there was liver damage caused by CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>. Histology and ultrastructure study confirmed that pretreatment with azadirachtin-A dose-dependently reduced hepatocellular necrosis and, therefore, protected the liver against toxicity caused by CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>. The results from this study indicate that pretreatment with azadirachtin-A at the higher dose levels, moderately restores the rat liver to normal. This study confirms that azadirachtin-A possesses greater hepatoprotective action; however, the effective concentration needs to be determined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2013-0449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,9]],"date-time":"2014-01-09T22:39:08Z","timestamp":1389307148000},"page":"267-277","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Hepatoprotective activity of the neem-based constituent azadirachtin-A in carbon tetrachloride intoxicated Wistar rats"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"N.S.","family":"Baligar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"KLES Kidney Foundation, KLES Prabhakar Kore Hospital & MRC, Belgaum 590 010, Karnataka, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.H.","family":"Aladakatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Animal Facility, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, Karnataka, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mukhtar","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.B.","family":"Hiremath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KLES Kidney Foundation, KLES Prabhakar Kore Hospital & MRC, Belgaum 590 010, Karnataka, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.12.034"},{"key":"refg2\/ref2","first-page":"34","volume":"3","author":"Aladakatti R.H.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rec. 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