{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T06:16:56Z","timestamp":1770531416424,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]],"date-time":"2014-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401580800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> It has been suggested that the increase in heart rate (HR) at the onset of exercise is caused by vagal withdrawal. In fact, endurance runners show a lower HR in maximum aerobic tests. However, it is still unknown whether endurance runners have a lower HR at 4 s after the onset of exercise (4th-sec-HR). We sought to measure the HR at the onset of the 4 s exercise test (4-sET), clarifying its relationship to heart rate variability (HRV), spectral indices, and cardiac vagal index (CVI) in endurance runners (ER) and healthy untrained controls (CON). HR at 4th-sec-HR, CVI, and percent HR increase during exercise were analyzed in the 4-sET. High frequency spectrum (HF-nu), low frequency spectrum (LF-nu), and low frequency\/high frequency band ratio (LF\/HF) were analyzed from the HRV. ER showed a significantly higher HF, and both a lower LF and LF\/HF ratio compared with the CON. ER presented a significantly lower 4th-sec-HR, although neither CVI nor HR increases during exercise were statistically different from the CON. In conclusion, ER presented a lower 4th-sec-HR secondary to increased vagal influence over the sinus node. CVI seems to be too weak to use for discriminating individuals with respect to the magnitude of HR vagal control. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2014-0042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,26]],"date-time":"2014-04-26T07:45:20Z","timestamp":1398498320000},"page":"476-480","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Heart rate at 4 s after the onset of exercise in endurance-trained men"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Divanei","family":"Zaniqueli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo, Avenida Marechal Campos 1468, Maruipe, Vitoria, Espirito Santo 29042-751, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elis Aguiar","family":"Morra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo, Vit\u00f3ria, Espirito Santo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo Miranda","family":"Dantas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo, Avenida Marechal Campos 1468, Maruipe, Vitoria, Espirito Santo 29042-751, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Perim","family":"Baldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo, Avenida Marechal Campos 1468, Maruipe, Vitoria, Espirito Santo 29042-751, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciana","family":"Carletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo, Vit\u00f3ria, Espirito Santo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anselmo Jos\u00e9","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo, Vit\u00f3ria, Espirito Santo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9rgio Lam\u00eago","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo, Avenida Marechal Campos 1468, Maruipe, Vitoria, Espirito Santo 29042-751, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Geraldo","family":"Mill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo, Avenida Marechal Campos 1468, Maruipe, Vitoria, Espirito Santo 29042-751, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg11\/ref11","unstructured":"ACSM (American College of Sports Medicine). 2011. 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