{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T22:09:13Z","timestamp":1787695753940,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]],"date-time":"2015-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430438400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cdnsciencepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Vitamin D plays an important role in modulating the immune response to infections. Deficiency of vitamin D is a common condition, affecting both the general population and patients in health care facilities. Over the last decade, an increasing body of evidence has shown an association between vitamin D deficiency and an increased risk for acquiring several infectious diseases, as well as poorer outcomes in vitamin D deficient patients with infections. This review details recent developments in understanding the role of vitamin D in immunity, the antibacterial actions of vitamin D, the association between vitamin D deficiency and common infections (like sepsis, pneumonia, influenza, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV)), potential therapeutic implications for vitamin D replacement, and future research directions. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2014-0352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,26]],"date-time":"2015-01-26T22:38:27Z","timestamp":1422311907000},"page":"363-368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["An update on the association of vitamin D deficiency with common infectious diseases"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Richard R.","family":"Watkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA."},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Akron General Medical Center, Akron, OH 44302, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy L.","family":"Lemonovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Salata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc13790"},{"key":"refg2\/ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-7"},{"key":"refg3\/ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32835b9ba1"},{"key":"refg4\/ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2010.12.006"},{"key":"refg5\/ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065835"},{"key":"refg6\/ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318206ccdf"},{"key":"refg7\/ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002689"},{"key":"refg8\/ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12049"},{"key":"refg9\/ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.3.1634"},{"key":"refg10\/ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1200072109"},{"key":"refg11\/ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000253405.17038.43"},{"key":"refg12\/ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25848"},{"key":"refg13\/ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr200724e"},{"key":"refg14\/ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1216417109"},{"key":"refg15\/ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2012.0145"},{"key":"refg16\/ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.14-3-279"},{"key":"refg17\/ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2013.10.011"},{"key":"refg18\/ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu259"},{"key":"refg19\/ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838216"},{"key":"refg20\/ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665111001650"},{"key":"refg21\/ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04261.x"},{"key":"refg22\/ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553"},{"key":"refg23\/ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.070888-0"},{"issue":"12","key":"refg24\/ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4427","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.12.4427","volume":"136","author":"Iho S.","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. 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