{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T04:11:22Z","timestamp":1751515882680,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cdnsciencepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Stress is known to precipitate neuropsychiatric diseases, and depending upon its nature and intensity it can also influence the functioning of the immune system. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxy tryptamine) a pineal gland hormone and potent antioxidant is known to protect against many diseases. Effect of melatonin in stress-induced neuro-immunomodulation is not well elucidated. Therefore in the present study, the protective effects of melatonin were evaluated in restraint stress (RS)-induced behavioral and immunological changes in rats. RS for 1 h significantly reduces (i) percentage of open-arm entries and (ii) percentage of time spent on open-arm in elevated plus maze (EPM) test parameters (p &lt; 0.01) and significant increase in MDA levels in brain homogenate when compared to non-RS control groups (p &lt; 0.05). In immunological studies, both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to antigen were significantly suppressed by RS for 1 h for 5 consecutive days, as evidenced by significant reduction in (i) anti-SRBC antibody titre, (ii) PFC counts, (iii) percentage change in paw volume, and (iv) Th<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> (IFN-\u03b3) and Th<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (IL-4) cytokine levels (p &lt; 0.001 in all parameters). These RS-induced immunological changes were associated with significantly increased lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels in serum and significantly decreased activity of (i) SOD, (ii) CAT, and (iii) GSH levels in RS (X5)-exposed group (p &lt; 0.02). Pretreatment with melatonin (10, 50, and 100 mg\/kg) significantly reversed these RS-induced changes in EPM test parameters and humoral and cell-mediated immunological parameters, as well as oxidative stress markers in a dose-dependent manner by differential degrees (p &lt; 0.001). Results are strongly suggestive of the involvement of free radicals during stress-induced neurobehavioral and immunological changes. These changes were significantly restored by melatonin pretreatment. We can conclude that melatonin may have a protective role during such stress-induced neuro-immunomodulation. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2015-0240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,10]],"date-time":"2015-09-10T21:35:17Z","timestamp":1441920917000},"page":"296-301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Pharmacological and biochemical studies on the protective effects of melatonin during stress-induced behavioral and immunological changes in relation to oxidative stress in rats"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Rishi","family":"Pal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, King George\u2019s Medical University, UP, Lucknow-226003, India."},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, V. P. 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