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Insulin-resistant rats were orally treated with TRG (50 and 100 mg\/kg), sitagliptin (SIT; 5 mg\/kg), or a combination of TRG (50 mg\/kg) and SIT (5 mg\/kg) for 14 days. Liver homogenates were used for assessment of hepatic lipids, oxidative stress biomarkers, and inflammatory cytokines. Histopathological and DNA cytometry examinations were carried out for hepatic and pancreatic tissues. Hepatic tissues were examined using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for assessment of any molecular changes. Results of the present study revealed that oral treatment of insulin-resistant rats with TRG or TRG in combination with SIT significantly decreased homeostatic model assessment of IR, hepatic lipids, oxidative stress biomarkers, and the inflammatory cytokines. TRG or TRG in combination with SIT ameliorated the histopathological, DNA cytometry, and molecular alterations induced by a HFHF diet. Finally, it can be concluded that TRG has beneficial effects on the hepatic complications associated with IR due to its hypoglycemic effect and antioxidant potential. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2016-0269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]],"date-time":"2016-10-12T21:35:08Z","timestamp":1476308108000},"page":"427-436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Trigonelline attenuates hepatic complications and molecular alterations in high-fat high-fructose diet-induced insulin resistance in rats"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Nehal A.","family":"Afifi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amer","family":"Ramadan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emad Y.","family":"Erian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalia O.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Sedik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manal","family":"Badawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walid","family":"El Hotaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biophysics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-1738(01)00084-6"},{"key":"refg2\/ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vascn.2010.02.009"},{"key":"refg3\/ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3920-03.2004"},{"key":"refg5\/ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mgme.1998.2727"},{"key":"refg6\/ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02172085"},{"key":"refg7\/ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi973101r"},{"key":"refg8\/ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711720404"},{"key":"refg9\/ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.32527"},{"key":"refg10\/ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2010.04.044"},{"key":"refg11\/ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-0106"},{"key":"refg12\/ref12","first-page":"270","volume":"6","author":"Danque P.O.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mod. 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