{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:39:55Z","timestamp":1787017195749,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cdnsciencepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The etiology of cardiac fibrogenesis is quite diverse, but a common feature is the presence of activated fibroblasts. Experimental evidence suggests that a subset of cardiac fibroblasts is derived via transition of vascular endothelial cells into fibroblasts by endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). During EndMT, endothelial cells lose their endothelial characteristics and acquire a mesenchymal phenotype. Molecular mechanisms and the transcriptional mediators controlling EndMT in heart during development or disease remain relatively undefined. Myocardin-related transcription factor A facilitates the transcription of cytoskeletal genes by serum response factor during fibrosis; therefore, its specific role in cardiac EndMT might be of importance. Activation of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF-3) during cardiac EndMT is speculative, since ATF-3 responds to a transforming growth factor \u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2) stimulus and controls the expression of the primary epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers Snail, Slug, and Twist. Although the role of TGF-\u03b2 in EndMT-mediated cardiac fibrosis has been established, targeting of the TGF-\u03b2 ligand has not proven to be a viable anti-fibrotic strategy owing to the broad functional importance of this ligand. Thus, targeting of downstream transcriptional mediators may be a useful therapeutic approach in attenuating cardiac fibrosis. Here, we discuss some of the transcription factors that may regulate EndMT-mediated cardiac fibrosis and their involvement in type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2016-0634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,7]],"date-time":"2017-07-07T17:34:27Z","timestamp":1499448867000},"page":"1263-1270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Transcriptional regulation of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cardiac fibrosis: role of myocardin-related transcription factor A and activating transcription factor 3"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Vibhuti","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160 012, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilambra","family":"Dogra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160 012, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uma Nahar","family":"Saikia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160 012, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhu","family":"Khullar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160 012, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.079970"},{"key":"refg2\/ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711280205"},{"key":"refg3\/ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-016-0243-8"},{"key":"refg4\/ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35000034"},{"key":"refg5\/ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.23.18.6646-6661.2003"},{"key":"refg6\/ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31044"},{"key":"refg7\/ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/16.suppl_C.38"},{"key":"refg8\/ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R110.159079"},{"key":"refg9\/ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2014.08.011"},{"key":"refg10\/ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-011-1227-1"},{"key":"refg11\/ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvq308"},{"key":"refg12\/ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000141429.13560.cb"},{"key":"refg13\/ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2010.10.033"},{"key":"refg14\/ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3507"},{"key":"refg15\/ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2007-0015"},{"key":"refg16\/ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2009.03.024"},{"key":"refg17\/ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(84)80307-X"},{"key":"refg18\/ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2011.12.024"},{"key":"refg19\/ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.25.969"},{"key":"refg20\/ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00019.2012"},{"key":"refg21\/ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(01)00551-0"},{"key":"refg22\/ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000127432"},{"key":"refg23\/ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.24.13.5721-5732.2004"},{"key":"refg24\/ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(98)00110-2"},{"key":"refg25\/ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2014.08.001"},{"key":"refg26\/ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013701923065"},{"key":"refg27\/ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24901"},{"key":"refg28\/ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12260"},{"key":"refg29\/ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0611192104"},{"key":"refg30\/ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gtc.12323"},{"key":"refg31\/ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2009.09.003"},{"key":"refg32\/ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.24.10.4241-4254.2004"},{"key":"refg33\/ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3758"},{"key":"refg34\/ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2012050438"},{"key":"refg35\/ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2013.146"},{"issue":"1","key":"refg36\/ref36","first-page":"207","volume":"139","author":"Leslie K.O.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. 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